Women in A Raisin in the Sun

Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun is the story of a struggling black family in Chicago. This story embodies Hansberry's use of strong black women, she was a realistic artist, fascinated by ordinary and real people with each one clearly and vividly drawn. In this play, Hansberry portrays courageous and revolutionary women who share struggles with each other and also with their men. Hansberry speaks loudly about the role women have played in the struggle for freedom. In A Raisin in the Sun, Hansberry shows three major female characters in very different stages in their lives. Lena wants to save her family from dissolution by resolving conflicts, remaining righteous and being the rock and the leader of the Youngers. Beneatha wants to both develop her intellect by attending school and be of service to humanity by practicing medicine; Ruth, on the other hand, wants Travis to grow up in a decent home in a decent neighborhood. However, they all share a common goal for their family. Although different from each other, the women remain unified at the end of the play when the whole family decides to move into a new house, significant because they would rather face the dangerous risk of moving into a racist neighborhood than stay in their poor situation. Mama portrays the traditional, holy, black woman during the period of the civil rights movement, much like that of the time she is the backbone in their house and supports the family through their many trials and tribulations. Throughout the play Walter, Lena Younger’s son, is undoubtedly a catalyst in the troubles the family faces. He seems helpless and feels he is less than a man because his family is poor and he has so many aspirations. During the play he lobbies for the support of the family to give him the money to invest in a liquor store, and finally in a critical scene, even though she has her doubts, Mama hands over part of the ten thousand dollars of his father’s life insurance to him. Walter may not know it but she is handing over the duty as the head of the household to him. After their heart-wrenching face to face talk with her son, Lena doesn't want his dream to be deferred, she says, â€Å"Listen to me now. I say I've been wrong, son. That I been doing what the rest of the world been doing to you† ( ). Through giving this money to Walter, Lena hopes his spirits will lift before the family loses him. She then says, â€Å"There ain't nothing worth holding on to, money, dreams, nothing else if it means it's going to destroy my boy†. ( ). It is evident that there is nothing more important to Lena than her family's happiness, and as a mother she only has Walter's best interest in mind. Although Lena can be seen as an old-fashioned black woman she also displays some forward thinking on her part when she buys a house for her family. Not only does she just buy a house but she dares to buy one in a white neighborhood. She knows she is taking a risk but she does it anyway to improve her family's living situation, advancing on the concept that her family always comes first. The house that she brought was the best she could find for her money and she wasn't going to be denied such an opportunity because of the racist neighborhood. She is tired of her family being held back by white society in which Walter is mostly the victim. At one point Lena waivers at moving because Walter loses the money. She loses hope for a moment. This scene is the most dramatic scene because when Lena learns that Walter lost the money, she slaps him with anger. She then illustrates how hard his father worked for the money. She says â€Å"I seen†¦ him†¦ night after night†¦ come in †¦ and look at that rug†¦ and then look at me†¦ the red showing in his eyes†¦ the veins moving in his head†¦ I seen him grow thin and old before he was forty †¦ working and working like somebody's old horse †¦ killing himself †¦ and you – you give it all away in a day†¦ † ( ). Lena just couldn't stand the thought of her husband working everyday for nothing. However, even though she didn't like what he did, she later scolds Beneatha for criticizing him because she doesn't want Walter to be hurt any further. Ruth and Lena show tremendous understanding with Walter. In the story Hansberry describes Ruth by writing, â€Å"We can see that she was a pretty girl, even exceptionally so, but now it is apparent that life has been little that she expected, and disappointment has already begun to hang in her face† ( ). It is apparent by the way Hansberry describes Ruth that times have been hard for her. It is understandable though, black women were expected to do domestic work as well as work outside the home to complement their husband's income and effectively handle both major tasks. Ruth also displays a lot of strength when she deals with a pregnancy that the family may not be able to support. Through all of these responsibilities more stress is added on to the fact that Walter shuts her out emotionally. Ruth’s relationship with Walter becomes distant as the play goes on, Walter simply doesn't feel the support he needs from her and he doesn’t know how to get back to a good place with their relationship. Ruth doesn't seem supportive at first, however she really understands him, she wants a better life for her family, too but she's just more of a realist. Ruth does tip-off Lena that Walter wanted the money to start a business when she says, â€Å"Ain't nobody business people till they go into business. Walter Lee say colored people ain't never going to start getting ahead till they start gambling on some different kinds of things in the world – investments and things†. ( ). After Lena mentions buying a house Ruth gets excited because she knows that to save her marriage and her family they must move into the new house, it also means that she can keep the new baby on the way. Beneatha's character in A Raisin in the Sun portrays how a radical, independent black female would act, she represents a new generation of women that to be free. In one part of the play Beneatha rejects God, saying â€Å"I’m sick about hearing about god† Her intense personality and stubborn attitude is probably what causes her to lose her faith. She doesn't realize that faith is what helped her family through hard times. Beneatha's main goal throughout the play was to pursue her education and become a doctor. During the civil rights movement a black female doctor is very rare and even thinking about entering practice may be looked down upon. In the beginning Beneatha was not supported by her brother Walter, he may have felt jealousy and couldn't stand the thought of part of the insurance money going to her schooling. He criticized Beneatha's dreams, which is hypocritical because he does not want anybody criticizing his. Walter doesn't support his sister's dream of being a doctor because he wants the money for himself. Beneatha's love interests in the story confirm her beliefs. George Murchinson essentially believes in what her brother thinks and Asagai supports her. George is not sensitive enough to notice that Beneatha is an intellectual and only feels he needs to suit her physical needs as well. Asagai, on the other hand, appeals to Beneatha's intellectual and psychological needs. Beneatha is at a stage where she wants to feel at ease and be encouraged to philosophize and express her opinions. She is definitely more receptive towards Asagai because he supports her dreams. The Younger women may argue and disagree but would never betray their family or their race. They, as a whole, act not only as the rock of the family, but the glue that bonds everyone together. Walter would be lost without the support he receives and although he does not show it very often, he loves all of them very much. The women of Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun play a key role in the stability of the family and a clear picture into the hearts and minds of the characters, they are an integral part of the play.

Science and Religion

Science and Religion (SRP 420) Science and Religion–two disciplines that at first glance seem to be completely separate modes of thought. After more careful examination one comes to realize that they bump into each other often. Indeed, science and religion seem to have a complex history involving both conflict and resolution. Many theologians, philosophers, and scientists have developed theories on how science and religion can coexist. One such man is John Polkinghorne a scientist and philosopher; he has developed his own theory on the relationship between science and religion.In the first chapter of his book Quarks, Chaos, and Christianity Polkinghorne lays out his theory for the coexistence of science and religion. He begins by discussing the impressiveness of science and its many accomplishments. Next he goes on to discuss the truth of religion and challenges the claim that religion is simply a personal truth or an opinion, while science is fact. He quickly claims this stat ement is false, because making this conclusion would be a, â€Å"fundamental mistake of the most disastrous kind† (Polkinghorne, 2).This faulty conclusion about the integration of science and religion, according to Polkinghorne, has is often made because of two mistakes: about the basis of scientific knowledge and the other about religious belief. The general mistake that has been made about science is that it is a simple process in which a prediction is formulated, an experiment is performed, and presto a new discovery is made. In actuality there is much more involved in the art of scientific discovery. For instance, scientists often do not have pure facts, but rather they are dealing with knowledge that they must interpret for themselves.To interpret knowledge, according to Polkinghorne, is often quite difficult and requires one to formulate a point of view or an opinion in order to reach a conclusion. Choosing a point of view or having an opinion requires people to be bold and brave because they are betting things happen in a certain way. Therefore in science fact and opinion are constantly mixed up with one another. The major mistake people make in religion is that is that it involves a kind of â€Å"leap into the dark† (Polkinghorne, 10). While religion does involve faith and faith does sometimes require a leap, it is in no way a leap into the dark.Polkinghorne criticizes this theory by asking a variety of questions such as: what would be the purpose of religion if this were true? Why would anyone be religious if it involved such blind trust? (Polkinghorne, 2) Therefore, he concludes religion must be a leap of faith, but it is a leap into the light. The main point Polkinghorne is making here is that religion can only be of real value if it is actually true, otherwise he claims religion would simply only be a, â€Å"technique for whistling in the dark to keep our spirits up† (Polkinghorne, 14).The conclusion reached at the end of the a rgument is that science and religion are â€Å"intellectual cousins,† (Polkinghorne, 11) in that they are both searching for truth, but neither can say that they have achieved it and each must base its conclusions on an interaction between interpretation, experience, and opinion. They both also must always be open to corrections if mistakes are found, because they are part of a kind of wonderful human journey to understand and be in sync with the physical and spiritual world around us.Nevertheless, there are major differences between science and religion that cannot be overlooked, and Polikinghorne points out these differences. Essentially science is dealing with a physical world that we are able to poke and prod even if we cannot always see exactly what is happening. However, religion cannot be put to an experimental test in the same way that science can. Although science and religion are different in this way they are still both attempts to understand even if they go about in different ways. Overall, I think Polkinghorne offered a solid argument for the coexistence of science and religion.As a science major I really appreciate the fact that Polkinghorne is an inhabitant of both the scientific and religious community. Like Polkinghorne I agree with the argument that neither science nor religion can offer an ultimate understanding of the world around us, but if they work together in harmony it is possible that they will eventually be able to achieve a greater understanding. In considering science and religion one must understand that neither can tell you everything and believing that one form of knowing can tell you everything forces a person to take a very diminished view of life.In conclusion, Polkinghorne offers a simple and straightforward argument for how science and religion can exist together without contradiction. While the argument if fairly simple it is also effective and the main point is that science and religion are just different attempts to answer the same questions. Neither can answer these questions on their own to achieve greater understanding of the physical and spiritual world around us, both science and religion must be considered. Works Cited Polikinghorne, John. Quarks, Chaos, & Christianity. NY: Crossroads, 1994.

Explain a Marketing concept for MKGT 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Explain a Marketing concept for MKGT 3000 - Essay Example After a promising idea is identified, concept development is performed by analyzing possible product ideas that could be developed and further refined. Afterward concept testing is performed where the product concept is presented to a panel of your target customer base and their reactions and comments are gauged. After a particular product idea or concept is chosen based on customer acceptance a market strategy analysis is devised in order to devise a cost effective marketing strategy that is tailored to the targeted market segment. A business analysis is then performed in order to determine if the product meets the firm's financial goals. From then product development, market testing, and finally commercialization or product launch finishes the process. The whole product development process is one that is full of risks and uncertainty. Costs overrun, changes in technology, and consumer behavior or preferences can have disastrous results in the success of a new product launch.

Study Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Study Skills - Assignment Example A few years ago AIDS and Cancer were the only concerns of mankind when it came to incurable epidemics. Recently new more terrible diseases like ‘Bird Flu’ and ‘Swine Flu’ have threatened human existence with their accelerated growth. More than half of earths total population productivity has already been diverted towards human use (Brown, 2004; Green, 1992). This population continues to grow at an alarming pace. Only in the last fifty years human population had doubled from 2.5 billion to 6.1 billion. Will our earth be able to support a population of 12.2 billion in 2050 (currently 76 million people are added to our population each year)? This is the question that needs to be asked. The Earth’s productive capacity will not be enough to sustain such a pace in population growth. Most of this population increase is fueled by developing nations with lack of health care facilities. This contribution cannot be controlled by increasing awareness only because ‘most of the increase is by population momentum (49%), followed by unwanted pregnancies (33%)’. Moreover if we expand our focus to the entire world almost 80 million out of a total 210 million is contributed by unwanted pregnancies. This is a cl ear target for mankind, healthcare facilities and birth control can help reduce the alarming rate of population growth. For this purpose financial help is needed to provide low cost and preferably free contraceptives to underdeveloped nations. ‘This would almost need approximately around $54.8 billion dollars’. The continuous increase in population is placing an intense pressure of natural resources. According to the world back currently approximately 2 billion people in the world are malnourished. This is more than thirty percent of total world population. This situation is expected to get worse as population grows and productivity of crops

What do you think of the concept of ungraded writing Essay

What do you think of the concept of ungraded writing - Essay Example According to (Hewitt) â€Å"Your essay’s point of view may be to persuade the reader to share your beliefs on the topic†. I think when I ask my students about the upgraded writing they will respond that this writing is related to pupil with disability in learning. Usually the writing skills of disabled students are of poor quality; hence the students can have the inclination to think upgraded writing as a writing related to disabled student. As per (Zhang)â€Å"Teaching students about writing is an ever present and significant problem. For students with learning disabilities, this problem often presents even greater challenges†. I would convince my students that upgraded writing is a concept applicable to all students. I would explain to them that, all disabled do not have poor skill in writing. I would describe to my pupil that working hard and knowing the writing skills, anyone can practice upgrade writing. According to (Donovan)" It goes without saying that if you don’t ever bother writing, your writing will never get any

Case Study Analysis on Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant 2011 Disaster Essay

Case Study Analysis on Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant 2011 Disaster - Essay Example (Holt, Campbell and Nikitin, 2012, p. 2) A lot of lives were lost due to the earthquake and tsunami. Numerous people lost their families and friends. The condition was made worse by leakage of radioactive materials from Fukushima- Daiichi power plant. The Daiichi disaster is often considered as a natural disaster for it caused by two natural disasters with high magnitudes. While the other nuclear stations survived, the Daiichi power station succumbed to combined force of the earthquake and tsunami (Là ¼sted, 2011, p. 6- 11). Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) is in charge of Fukushima- Daiichi power plant. This nuclear power station had six nuclear units in total. Another nuclear power station of Fukushima, Daini consist four nuclear units. The nuclear reactors situated in Daiichi were basically boiling water reactors (BWRs). The first five reactors bore General Electric Mark-I designs. Nuclear powers were generated for commercial operations. Uranium- 235 and plutonium- 239 are the nuclear fuels. These compositions are heavy isotopes and produced energy through fission of nuclei. Each such reaction results in generation of more fusion events, which in turn support a continuing nuclear chain reaction. Fusion products that are produced â€Å"s iodine- 129, iodine- 131, strontium- 90, and cesium- 137†. Whenever, shutting down is required, control rods are inserted. These rods function by absorbing the neutrons. During nuclear reactions, heat is produced by radioactive decay. Therefore, it is neces sary to keep on pumping water and circulate it so as to reduce the decay heat. Normally, the reactors take a few days time to cool down fully and reach the â€Å"cold shutdown† state (Holt, Campbell and Nikitin, 2012, p. 4). When the earthquake started on 11th, half of Daiichi nuclear reactors were automatically shut down and the other half were suspended from regular functions for routine inspections. However, all though the

Observation report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Observation report - Research Paper Example In the past, this particular school had been reviewed around 12 times. In accordance with this result associated with the review, it provides the scenario of 3rd rating. Besides, the school phone number is given as 718-278-1220. The name of the Principal of the school is Ms. Rebecca Heyward. The classroom represents a 2nd grade special education. The classroom uses the technology of Individual Education Program (IEP) for providing information to the students. The width of the classroom is about 25 square feet. The classroom has many colourful posters and also has colours of ‘transparent submicron suspension’ within it. However, I have observed that the students do not give heed to the colourful walls and posters. The names of the students present in the class are Adan, Reinaldo, Jeaden, Chris, Julissa, Nicholas, Mathews, Lucia and Khamari. On close observation, I found out that the students were very friendly and used to call me by the name Mr. R. Out of these special children; few seemed to me to be quite normal. I observed that Mathew and Reinaldo were very energetic and good in mathematics. I had conducted a test on the fourth day, which they both passed without making any mistakes. The names of the teachers are Ms. Pappas, Mrs. Messano and Mrs. Draz. These teachers are competent enough in the ground of paraprofessional. The domain of planning related to the aspect of study involves chart that reflects a series of elements being involved to teach the special students effectively. I have observed that it involves birthday celebrations lists. Besides, it incorporates the school book of the month that contains the name of 100 American Women. In terms of planning that has been quite noticeable, there is a reading unit that mainly introduces the students with the historical background of the United States. The teaching module plan also entails the

Organisational strategy(in report format) Essay

Organisational strategy(in report format) - Essay Example (Innocent, 2008b; MySpace News, 2007; Hickman, 2007; Scott, 2007) For the purpose of this study, the researcher will apply some of the available strategic models in examining the internal and external factors that has contributed to he success of Innocent Drinks. First, the researcher will apply the PESTLE, Porter’s Five Forces, Opportunities and Threats model to critically analyze the external factors within the period of 1999 – 2007 that made Innocent Drinks able to grab the biggest market share from its competitors. Using the Strength model, the researcher will critically evaluate the effectiveness of the business strategies used by Innocent Drinks between the period of 2002 – 2007. Eventually, the researcher will assess and discuss the impact of Innocent Drinks’ stakeholder pressure on the organization in terms of how Adam Balon, Richard Reed and Jon Wright might have affected the strategies they have chosen followed by analysing the relative power and interest of the three business owners. Using the Options Matrix, the researcher will also evaluate and discuss whether the future strategies of Innocent Drinks should either be based on fit or stretch strategies. As part of discussion, the researcher will discuss the impact of external factors and its direct effects to the changes on the competitive behaviour within the same industry. PESTLE, which stands for ‘Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental analysis’ (TVU, 2007), will be used in illustrating the macro-environmental aspects of Innocent Drinks. UK food and drink industries are highly regulated by several government agencies. In line with this matter, food and drink industry in the United Kingdom is highly regulated by Food Standard Agency in order to protect the health and consumers’ interests when it comes to food safety, nutrition,

Indian populations of Argentina and Chile pre-colonial period and Essay

Indian populations of Argentina and Chile pre-colonial period and their changing reality during the colonial period - Essay Example Indians belonging to the Guarani tribe originally inhabited most of the regions in South America such as Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina. They used to be semi-nomadic, well known for their fierce and warriors like culture and traditions. Actually, the name ‘Guarani’ stands for warrior. Some Argentines trace their ancestry to the Guarani tribe, and they have brown eyes and dark hair. They have light skin, portraying a combination of European and Guarani heritage 1(Aladama, 2003 p 328). Before the conquest by Spain, the Guarani had been scattered widely throughout southern American countries including Argentina. Thus, this Indian community had occupied Argentina even before colonization. They carried out numerous economic activities, which determined their culture. Long before, the Spaniards arrived in Argentina, Guarani used to be hunters and gatherers. They survived by hunting animals for food, as well as gathering fruits in forests. Men used to do the hunting, while women did gathering 2(Schild, 2000 p275). On the other hand, Mapuches occupied most of Chile and just a few Mapuches inhabited Argentina. Indians of the Mapuche tribe became the first inhabitants of Argentina and Chile, with them occupying a vast territory before the arrival of the Spanish. Before the arrival of the Spanish, the Mapuche occupied most of the parts in South America, and their population was two million. Currently, they occur in large numbers of about one and a half million in Chile and two hundred thousand in Argentina. Therefore, they have occupied most parts in Chile as compared to Argentina. Indian Mapuche constituted the third largest community in South America before colonization and after colonization of Chile by Spain 3(Geschiere&Nyamnjoh, 2001 p 170). Before colonization, and the coming of Incas and Spanish, the Mapuche occupied forests in

Growth and Development Assessment Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Growth and Development Assessment Project - Essay Example e may be on the thin side, but according to her mother, a recent visit with the Pediatrician assured her that Chloe is within the normal weight range for her age, having gained the appropriate weight of five to seven pounds yearly (Middle Childhood n.d.). This is likewise confirmed by her mother who took Chloe to the pediatrician recently. Her movements are more coordinated and smoother than compared to early childhood, a very distinctive physical trait at her age (Middle Childhood n.d.). At age eight, Chloe can complete basic mental operations of problems that require the presence of tangible objects and situations. She can likewise organize objects with varying sizes in the likes of â€Å"small, medium and big†. As an eight year old, Chloe belongs to the middle childhood stage of human development where according to Piaget’s Model of Cognitive Development can analyze the thought of reversibility and serial ordering (Passer et al 2001). Moreover, being able to comprehend how to solve problems so long as concrete objects and situations are present; and being capable of arranging things with different dimensions, Chloe’s cognitive progress conforms and adheres to Piaget’s theory of the middle childhood’s intellectual development where the child from seven to twelve years of age can think logically and perform proper serial ordering (Passer et al 2001). Chloe is in addition is a very enthusiastic girl who possesses a knack for an unrestrained kind of imagination. Yet, there are times that she gets frustrated of the outcomes of her abilities especially in school. And while she does her utmost best to study her subjects and to participate in other school activities, her grades does not come up with what she expects them to be. These incidents make her quite frustrated at times. The foregoing factors identifies with Erikson’s Eight Stages of Human Development, where he states that the middle childhood’s emotional development is appropriately described

Parental Involvement in Education Essay Example for Free

Parental Involvement in Education Essay Clay P. Bedford once said, â€Å"You can teach a student a lesson for a day; but if you can teach him to learn by creating curiosity, he will continue the learning process as long as he lives.† It’s the 21th century and we have achieved the peaked of the brilliancy of the human race and everything is manipulated with a click of the mouse, with the aid of computer technology we can achieve a faster way of learning. However, the urgency, dedication, and quality of learning of children 20 years ago are quite different from the children of this generation. A change in the attitude towards education – a move to the life-long paradigm is currently taking place globally. The fundamental aim of building a better system of education defined the type of society built. Currently, substantial changes have taken place in the context of teaching as well as the system of education and organization of academic work. The success of our community depends upon the pace and extends of building a knowledge-based society with the realms of our school. But, â€Å"The quality of education in the U.S. today declined at a tremendous rate.† (Houig 4-10). Have we as parents contributed to the decline of our children’s learning? Could this be the psychological effect of a dysfunctional family; the types of environment our children are growing; are the children themselves don’t have the urge to study or lack of parental involvement in the child’s education? Therefore, to what point do we as parents try to get involve in our children’s life? This has been a question unanswered by all parents like us? Parental involvement in children’s upbringing plays a very vital role in their attitude and quality of learning. Well, parents go immense lengths to give their offspring the best possible start in life – from providing the first meal, to offering vigilant protection and teaching them the skills to survive on their own. And after continued reading, researching, and asking questions about would have attributed to the continued decline of the quality of education of our children, I have drawn a common t hought that child-rearing practice takes a vital role in the attitude of children towards education. And the most influential in the child’s approach to education is definitely a good child-rearing practice (Hoover-Dempsey 3-42). The techniques of child-rearing that parent are using when raising their children has a great effect on the child’s growth and development. Every society has different  child-rearing practices used to facilitate child development. The practices depend on cultures, beliefs, and socio-economic as well as environmental factors. These different factors influence child development as societies at the same time have different perceptions and expectations on child development. There are two types of child-rearing techniques introduced to us by Ms. Annette Lareau, â€Å"concerted cultivation† wherein in most cases provides the child with skills and advantages over â€Å"natural growth† wherein the children in the classroom will learn and eventually will advance to their career. Parents engaged in concerted cultivation are parenting by attempting to foster children’s talents through organized leisure activities, which teach them to respect authority and how to interact in a structured environment. Learning how to interact in structured environment much like in the classroom gives student a head start in school special emphasis on reasoning skills and language use. These parents are much involved in the following their children’s activities. Through this process children from concerted cultivation upbringing will be more productive in their academic endeavors and they feel more responsible because they know that their parents are highly involved. The second type of technique of child-rearing practice involves parents in the working class which engage their children in the accomplishment of natural growth. Children usually have more unstructured time and therefore these children create their own to preoccupy themselves. They create activities such as watching television, playing computer games, PSP, X-Box and Nintendo DS. This environment does not prepare children to survive in setting that are very structured, such as school. Accompanying the strain of not having enough time, working class parents are left with less time to get involve with their children’s schooling activities. My experience as a teacher’s assistant has thought me to judge parents’ involvement in their children’s learning with performance of each child in school. The proactive parents have their children’s homework completed, memos read and required documentation turned in the following day while half of the class still has their memos on their folders and with no homework completed. Now that coincides with the notes from research showing that when â€Å"Parents are involved in their children’s learning, students achieve more and less likely to drop out of school† (Keith, et.al. 31-40). So, how do we define parental involvement? Parental  involvement includes a wide range of behavio rs but generally refers to parents and family members use and investment of resources in their children’s schooling. After that broad definition, let us differentiate the various types of parents to fully understand and vividly portray the effects of parental involvement in each child’s quality of education. There are three main types of parents: authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parents. Authoritative parents are found to be the style with more success in upbringing; they establish a balance between making demands and being responsive to their children’s specific needs. These parents provide their children encouragement which embodies positive attitudes towards work and effort. With such enthusiasm and children receive all the courage they need to pursue good grades. These children also feel secured in their personality and feel more comfortable asking for help when they need it most. Children of these parents tend to do better while in school (Cotton 1). Authoritarian parents follow a style where they simply tell their children what to do, and not to argue with them. Parents who apply this style tend to limit children’s independence and force them to follow strict rules by threatening harsh punishment for violations. They also tend to be less responsive to and a ccepting of their children. By preventing children from exercising control over their own behaviors and learning from their mistakes, authoritarian parents inadvertently may be rearing children to believe that they are not responsible for what happens to them. Children from these groups of parents tend to display loss of confidence and motivation because of there is lack of continued positive reinforcement. These are the parents that get discouraged when their children come home with bad grades. They punish their children which often cause an uneasy feeling for these children to seek for help; even worse, they may exhibit rebellious attitude towards their parental authority and ultimately towards his outlook on acquiring his education. Permissive parents are very passive and feel their child’s life should be their own responsibility and are often expressing an â€Å"I don’t care† attitude towards their achievement as well as their outlook in life. This can be very dangerous in that the child’s motivation is almost if not quite completely based on observation and peer influence, leaving a large variable on the location and condition of the child’s upbringing. These are the type of parents that are presumed not necessarily uncaring or negligent  in their child’s need; however the children perceived it as such. Ruth Nuneviller Steinem once said, â€Å"Children don’t belong to us. They are little strangers who arrive in our life and give us pleasure and duty of caring for them, but we don’t own them. We help them become who they are.† This is the true essence of being a parent and that being able to impart and bring out the best in our children, be it our own or other children that we get acquainted throughout our life time. Parents’ beliefs and perceptions on the responsibilities as parents have a big effect on their children’s interest in learning (ESU 1-3). But, numerous controversies could cloud the full implementation of programs in school to foster parental improvement in education. An article came up at one of the issues of Michigan State University paper saying, â€Å"Some are concern about parental involvement program stems from their observation that many schools and teachers use a â€Å"one-size† fits all approach to teaching. And the International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies say, â€Å"It is i mperative for teachers and school personnel to enhance their strategies for promoting parental presence.† While another article published at Education State say, â€Å"Educators need to recast the idea of partnership more one in which they parent parents.† So, everyone agree that we need to act on promoting parental involvement in education in order for the student to achieve and excel at highest potential. Our system needs to stream line and advocate the importance of parental involvement and overcome the various obstacles and stigma that permeates our society as a whole. We need to work in unison, united with one goal and dedicated to achieving the goal of improving the quality of education for our generation and the generations to come. It is imperative that these obstacles are talked and overcome so that our children will be better leaders and citizens of our country and the world. In my continued research I found that parental involvement has shown a consistent positive relationship between parents’ engagement in their children’s education and student outcomes ( Such 39-68). So, what can we do as parents? To succeed in our endeavors we as parents, need to get a partner, learn more about organizations working to boost parental involvement, attend workshop and empowering oneself. Parental involvement constitute (1) volunteering by adopting and sponsoring academic based programs, school clubs, or team – attending meetings to help enhance and support academic improvement within  the school; coach sports and supporting the clubs and teams in its advocacy. And if the school cannot get a staffer dedicated to parent engagement, parents should get together and start training parents to be reading and math tutors and even establish a welcoming committee that new parents in the school; (2) setting fair and consistent rules – homework first and foremost before anything else; (3) setting examples – parents needs to show interest in reading, discovering new things and learning and sharing ideas and (4) keeping lines of communication open parents need to encourage their children to relate how their day was. Parents should take a minute or two to answer questions that arises even in a very hectic schedule. Parental involvement is an important area o f sociology because of its significance to social capital and its positive impacts on children. It is, by itself, a social relation involving teachers, parent, and students where each play a role and function based on their own expectations, familial and social norms, and personal and social obligations. Japan for example set a high regard to parental involvement in the education of their children, â€Å"Teachers make explicit and exacting demands on parents for their direct involvement I their children’s learning† (Halloway et.al. 91-97). Japanese schools promote parental involvement (oyanokanyo in Japanese) is said to be strong because parent-school relationship is viewed as a relationship that is based on trust, deference, partnership, and cooperation. Mothers are the primary educator in the lives of their children. They are viewed as (1) audience – Japanese school provide venue where parents can interact with each other and this occur during school orientation (shinnyuugakujidoudetsumeikai) for incoming first graders done yearly during the month of Janu ary to February and parents sit in on a class and listen to the teacher’s lecture; (2) volunteers – parents are asked to fill out a form indicating interest, expertise, and experience. Information provided is used to create a â€Å"talent bank† a database containing the parents name so that they can use to fill up basic services that the school needs like safeguarding students while crossing the street or even recycling activities; (3) paraprofessional – parents acting as teachers during the summer. These work includes making sure they read to their children, make sure that summer home works are done; (4) learners – Japanese school requires parents to attend seminars to improve their efficacy in educating and rearing their children and in some  schools parents are encouraged to attend skills training like ironing, sewing, internet use, etc.; and (5) decision-makers – the school’s PTA officers in Japan meet in the city discuss matters geared to improvement in the school and their children. As my research progress, I have learned that in China compared to our public school system, parental involvement is higher. Parents in China have greater educational expectations for their children. Chinese parents place more emphasis on effort rather than emphasis on ability especially when attributing reasons for difficulty or failure. Chinese parents accept the critical role of helping their children learn concepts if they are lagging in school. Involvement of Chinese parents is â€Å"back-stage/behind the scene†- they are more engaged in home-based activities to boost their child’s ability to learn. Chinese parents make sure that their children complete their homework with perfection. In China, education ethics begins with parents. Mother will actually attend school; takes note; to observe the child-teacher relationship and the child’s behavior towards learning (International Journal of Social Sciences 26-35). Chinese parents are engaged more in cultural practice that honored the professional expertise of teachers and the need to access skills for successful access to social mobility while at the same time they sought to maintain the cultural integrity of their community. In India, the framework of the parental involvement in India’s Education System is defined as controlled by the individual parent, parental school board or the tribal council. Like in many eastern Asian countries education is of highest value that parents could provide for their children. While the authority for overseeing the whole education system lies on federal trust, the responsibility for In dian people remains with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, all agenda pertaining education is directed to include laws and regulations that impact the whole public school system (Warner 4-18). While the Middle Class Americans parents encourage their children to nurture their talent with various activities that will later give them a head start. These parents exposed their children on how to interact in a structured setting. Other parent’s get involves in their children’s life by having an open communication with their children’s teachers. They get involved in the academic process, school activities and other extra-curricular activities that the child is interested with. The Working Class American parents on the  other hand relies on the natural growth of the child, giving the child the opportunity to make their own choices to keep their time occupied, that most engaged themselves with video games and social networking media like Facebook and Twitter. These children learn at their own phase and eventually losing their focus interest in learning and in the traditional population like in the case of the Hawaiians, parents tend to provide their children a non-stimulating environment. They often are unaware that their child-rearing practices can affect their children’s cognitive and language development. They fail to appreciate the importance of playing and chatting with their children because they are unaware of the age-appropriate activities to do with their children. Many of these parents inhibit exploration putting emphasis on discipline, obedience, and respect for elders, religious beliefs and cultural observance (Sheehey 3-15). Both the U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services note, â€Å"The role of mother as well as father is necessary in the development and academic success of a child.† Mothers and fathers often bring different strengths and style to their parenting roles. Children benefit significantly in many areas when fathers and mothers are actively engaged. These advantages are the building blocks for success that begins from birth and lasts into adulthood. According to research gathered by the Minnesota Fathers and Families Network some of these benefits include: (1) social skills – children grown with greater empathy , less gender role stereotyping and higher self-esteem. In cases where fathers are actively engaged children have more self-control and less impulsive behaviors; (2) excel in problem-solving – children have less hesitance and fear in new situations because, acceptance and confidence are instilled, increase curiosity to learning, increase exploration of the world around them and these children have greater tolerance for success and frustration because of the nurturing and love that they have received in their childhood; (3) cognitive benefits – higher math competence when fathers dynamically participates in the children’s homework and class activity, overall verbal competence and early literacy because parents effort to reading and story-telling leads to children’s interest towards reading and ultimately all these concerted efforts eventually leads to higher grade completion and income overall. To some parents who take time to attend meetings, conferences and participates in school activities and  events are t eaching their children the value of setting priorities and giving importance to the development of their children’s social life. These parents are teaching their children to be socially aware, responsible, and work for the betterment of the community. â€Å"Our future rest on the quality of children we are raising† (Elium 1-35). These also teach the children to value education. Seeing their parents giving up their time to be in school and get involve completes their development as a whole. For our goal in sending our children to school is for them to be physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually fit to the society where we belong. We raise our children to better leaders, better care-takers of our environment, better citizens of our society and better parents for our future generation. My personal experience has also convinced me that parental involvement play a vital role in education. This is the story of my medically challenged daughter; Bethany Joy who really exemplifies that role of parental involvement truly is beneficial. She was born prematurely, 29 weeks GA, with low birth weight. She suffered from an intraventricular hemorrhage Grade III meaning, the three chambers or the ventricles bleed 10 days after birth. Her neonatologist and neurologist said that secondary to the severity of the brain damage, she will not be able to walk and talk. A periventricular shunt was implanted to act as the vertebral column where her cerebrospinal fluid will flow. Knowing her prognosis, my husband and I decided that is she will pull through with all this other medical complications that I will have to quit my job. We were determined to defy all the doctors’ perceptions. We nurtured her in a loving environment, made few advances on her therapy sessions, made every effort to read, sing, and played with her and eventually she came out victorious. Talking before she turned one and walking at 13 months. She had undergone five brain surgeries and five other minor surgeries but she is in a regular school and has been one of the recipients of the Academic Honor Student for the past six years at her school. So, now it is safe to conclude that parents’ participation in their child’s education is far more vital in the success of the child’s education. â€Å"Our involvement as parents can mold the child’s interest towards learning† (Eliun 1-35). So, let’s make a difference in our children’s lives, to create a better society and life for our children in the generations to come.

Earning Management Essay Example for Free

Earning Management Essay â€Å"Earning Management† refers to those accounting practices that may follow the letter of the rules of fundamental rules of accounting practices but unethically misrepresented to the users of accounting information. For the personal interest managers often try to show outstanding performance of the business and use the strategic way to falsify Income, Assets or Liabilities. Earning Management as generally understood refers to systematic misrepresentation of the true income and assets of corporations or other organizations. Creative accounting is at the root of a number of accounting scandals, and many proposals for accounting reform – usually centering on an updated analysis of capital and factors of production that would correctly reflect how value is added. Quality of accounting information is one of the Fundamental Concepts of Accounting Framework. Where it’s mentioned that, accounting information must be Relevant, Reliable, Comparable, and Consistent Comparable (Intermediate Accounting by Keiso, Weygandt, Warfield, 12th edition). Unless having these qualities a report cannot be treated as qualified. Managers that always promise to make the numbers will at some point be tempted to make up the numbers. – Warren Buffet Definition of Earning Management * Managing earnings is â€Å"the process of taking deliberate steps within the constraints of generally accepted accounting principles to bring about a desired level of reported earnings.† (Davidson, Stickney and Weil (1987), cited in Schipper (1989) p. 92) * Managing earnings is â€Å"a purposeful intervention in the external financial reporting process, with the intent of obtaining some private gain (as opposed to say, merely facilitating the neutral operation of the process).†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"A minor extension of this definition would encompass â€Å"real† earnings management, accomplished by timing investment or financing decisions to alter reported earnings or some subset of it.† (Schipper (1989) p. 92). * â€Å"Earnings management occurs when managers use judgment in financial reporting and in structuring transactions to alter financial reports to either mislead some stakeholders about the underlying economic performanc e of the company or to influence contractual outcomes that depend on reported accounting numbers.† (Healy and Wahlen, 1999, p. 368) Motivators Earning Management * Meet financial analysts estimates of earnings that leads to performance-based compensation * Raise the stock price thereby enhancing the value of stock options * Smooth net income making it appear that the earnings are increasing at a steady rate * Make it look as though future earnings are higher than they really are by establishing cookie jar reserves (inflated expenses) in the current year that can be drawn on in future years. (Dr. Steven Mintz, Professor and Area Chair, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo) Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting From this figure we’ve indicated that in the level – 2, where bridge between 13 creates should be the concerning point of maintaining the qualities of Accounting Information. Qualities are not only help to detect falsification, but also helps users to take decisions. Primary Qualities: * Relevance – It helps users to predict the ultimate outcome of past, present, and future events. It also helps users to predict that, how much loss/profit company can made. * Timeline – Specific timeline of accounting period helps users to trace out the business performance over the years. * Reliability – To assure that the information is verifiable, faithful and reasonably free of error and bias. Secondary Qualities: * Comparability – The reported information should be measured such a way that it can be compared with other company’s reports. * Consistency – Treatment of similar events from period to period must be used by same accounting standards. Standards cannot be changed suddenly, unless it’s proved that new method is better than previous. Perspective of Earning Management There are two perspectives on earnings management. (1) the Opportunistic perspective, states that managers seek to mislead investors by showing attractive predetermined accounting information, (2) the Information perspective, first enunciated by Holthausen and Leftwich (1983), under which managerial carefulness is a means for managers to reveal to investors their private expectations about the firms future cash flows. (Earnings Management: A Perspective by Messod D. Beneish) Accrual vs. Earning Management Plenty of research report shows managers try to use Accrual in financial engineering. Accruals are the difference between net income and cash flows. For example, when companies sell items to others on credit during a growth period, the sale creates an accrual of revenue. When companies engage in earnings management, they can increase or decrease income by creating accruals; these are often referred to as non – discretionary (flexible) accruals. Reasons behind using accrual as the engineering tool are – * Accruals are the principle product of GAAP, so it’s easy to do falsification with camouflage. * Accruals resolve some problems related with the effects choosing various accounting methods. * It will be hard for investors to see effect of unobservable components of accrual. Types of earnings management Theoretically there are two types of earnings management. They are income increasing and income decreasing earnings management (Messod, 2001). a) Income Increasing earnings management: As the name suggests, income increasing earnings management is the process to boost up net income of the company intentionally (to hide the poor performance) so that investors get some wrong signal about the firm’s financial position and performance and make the decision of investing in to company (Messod, 2001). Management are motivated towards increasing earnings management because of getting more debt and equity Financing. b) Income decreasing earnings Management: This process of earnings management is done by decreasing the amount of net earnings. Management is more involved in income decreasing earnings management is to get future compensation like: reducing this month’s earnings by increasing expenses, they ensure the profit from the next month. Also tax avoidance, import tariff rel ief, union negotiations etc. are other reasons for manager’s motivation towards income decreasing earnings management (Messod, 2001). In corporate world these are the types of earning management mostly done by the management: a) Revenue and Expense Recognition Under standard accounting rules, a company must record revenue in its books when it earns that revenue not when it actually receives payment. Similarly, it must record expenses when it incurs them not when it actually pays money. These rules leave room for companies to manipulate their numbers for earnings management (www.budgeting.thenest.com). For example, say a company signs a deal on December 1 to buy $1 million worth advertising time on TV over the next two months. The company could recognize the entire expense in December, recognize the whole thing in January or split the difference. If it records it all in December, then that years profit will be lower by $1 million but the company will get a head start on the next years profit by not having any advertising expenses in January. Profits have been shifted from one year to the next with an accounting t rick. b) Cookie Jar Reserves Companies shift earnings around by creating overly large reserve accounts in good years, then drawing them down in bad years. For example, when a company sells a product with a warranty, it must recognize the estimated expense of honoring that warranty at the same time it books the revenue (www.budgeting.thenest.com). A company might conclude that it incurs warranty costs of $10,000 for every $1 million in sales. If its having a particularly profitable year, it might decide to take a $30,000 warranty expense per $1 million in sales. That builds up a big warranty reserve now so that the company doesnt have to record warranty expenses in the future, thus shifting profits from one period to the other. This tactic goes by the name cookie jar accounting, because it essentially stashes excess profits away to be used when needed. c) The Big Bath There will be times when a company simply cant avoid a bad year. No matter what it does, its going to post a loss because of a sour economy, unfavorable market conditions, and legal trouble, whatever. Some companies, though, deliberately make a bad year even worse by shifting all kinds of expenses, one-time charges and write-offs into that year and shifting revenue out of it. This allows it to inflate profits in future years (www.budgeting.thenest.com). The reasoning behind this strategy is that if the company is going to take a bath, it might as well take a big bath. The companys stock price was going to suffer anyway, the thinking goes, and the damage probably wont be that much worse if the company inflates the loss. Indicators of Earnings Management We have find out five factors which can be important indicators of earnings management: a) Political connection and earnings management: Firms with political connection (large number of stockholder, or CEO or board of directors of the company is a parliament member) are more involved in earnings management (Paul, Mara and David, 2010). Mainly the reasons are- political leaders help the particular firm involved in earnings management to avoid penalization by SEC and also political leaders use these companies’ financial performance and position to increase their public image. b) Internal Audit and earnings management: This one is another major indicator of earnings management. If the quality of internal quality is low there are some possibilities of earnings management. According to the research, if a company is having high quality internal audit, they might be less motivated towards earnings management (Douglas, Jason and David, 2008). Main reasons are: these internal auditors are more professional, responsible towards their job and they barely miss the expert’s expectations. c) Financial transparency and earnings management: Many studies have shown that financial transparency and earnings management are related. If a particular financial report is more transparent then the manager are less interested toward earnings management (James, Robert and Cheri, 2004) The main reason behind this situation is detail information about the accounts including: change in depreciation methods, details about each and every account will help investors to find out any manipulation done by the manager.

I Have A Dream Speech

I Have A Dream Speech Martin Luther King astounded America with his historic I have a dream speech. His demand for racial justice and a unified society became mantra for the black community and is as known to successive American generations as the US Declaration of Independence. In his speech, King stresses upon equality and presents his dream of an ideal non-racist community. The speech is divided into two halves. The first half shows the picture of seeing American nightmare of racial injustice rather than an idealized American dream. It then makes a demand for action and set some goals to achieve. The second half of the speech describes the dream of a better future racial integrity and equilibrium. King has a very sophisticated voice in the speech. He makes his speech effective by using several large and descriptive words rather than short and direct words. All around the speech, King uses various metaphors such as America has given the Negro a bad check. The speech is directed towards Kings fellow Americans. All over the speech, King make use of the words, our and we when he refers to others. This shows that he is not speaking specifically to the white or black Americans, but to the country as a whole. This is supported by, must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ their destiny is tied to ours, and in the line we cannot talk alone. To increase the rhetorical effect in his speech, King uses a rhetorical device, anaphora in which words are repeated at the beginning of neighboring clauses. A pattern is set by repeating the words twice, and further repetitions signify the sequence and increase rhetorical effect. For instance, I have a dream is repeated in eight successive sentences. Moreover, King has made the clever use of repetition of key theme words throughout the body of his speech. For example king has used key words like freedom, we, our, nation, America justice and dream, to highlight important themes he has tried to discuss in his speech. In addition to above, King has made extensive use of allusions in order to make his speech more credible. He starts his speech with five score years ago à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which refers to Abraham Lincolns famous speech which began similarly, Four score and seven years ago à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This allusion is particularly emotional given that King was speaking at the front of Lincolns Memorial. His fourth paragraph, Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is a reference to US Declaration of Independence. To provide moral basis of his arguments, King uses numerous Biblical allusions. The allusion in the second paragraph, It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity, refers to Pslams, For his anger is but for a moment; his favor is for a lifetime. Weeping may linger for the night, but joy comes with the morning. [30:5] Further in the eighth paragraph, the allusion Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of hatred a nd bitterness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ alludes Jermiah for my people have committed two evils: they have forsaken me, the fountain of living water, and dug out cisterns for themselves, cracked cisterns that can hold no water. [2:13] King provides numerous geographic references like Mississippi, Georgia, Albama, California, etc. throughout his speech. Mississippi is mentioned on four different occasions; King has a logic and purpose behind this. He wants to evoke some of the strongest emotions and images for his audience relating to various incidents that would have taken place at the above mentioned places. Additionally, King uses generic geographic references like, slums and ghettos of our northern cities, the south, from every mountainside, and from every village and every hamlet, thus making his message more inclusive. To associate his speech concepts with concrete images and emotions, King has used Metaphors. For example, to contrast separation with racial justice, King uses the contrasting metaphors of dark and desolate valley (of separation) and sunlit path (of racial justice). He used metaphors in paragraph two, joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity, at paragraph three, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity, at paragraph six, rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice, at paragraph seven, This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality, and at paragraph nineteen, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. Despite all the rhetorical devices King has used, what makes his speech strong is his focus on the problems he confronted. For instance, at the start of second of the speech, in answer to the question from his cynics, When will you be satisfied? King launches a rhetorical pattern, We can never be satisfied until followed by list of injustices that King wished to see abolished, including, barbarism, separation, and neglect of voter rights. He left no stone unturned in listing critical problems that African-American faced. Secondly, the power of his speech lies in the captivating vision of justice, equality, and brotherhood, that King cast in his speech. Here the rhetorical waves start with the popular, I have a dream, followed by gripping articulations of Kings vision of racial impartiality and justice: I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed Thirdly, the strength of Kings words lie in the non-violent methods he purposed. Although King and his followers faced serious injustice, and there was a great difference between reality and vision King advocated, he remained unshaken in his commitment to non-violence. For example, in the seventh paragraph, King said, We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence.   Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.   Carefully choosing the language and structure of his speech, King left little room for weaknesses. Although King focused his speech primarily for the rights of black Americans, the message is all logical. He talks about nothing controversial in his speech neither does he degrade white Americans. He speaks for the best interests of everyone. This is why his speech is still considered so important by the Americans. Part of an extensive black movement, King challenged the white Americans to extend their claims of genuine freedom to his people. Moreover, King used all his means to inspire black Americans to believe in genuine freedom for themselves. The primary message from the speech was equality. America now bears the slogan of the message he gave decades back and black Americans are better than ever in the American society. (Word Count approx. 1200)

A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor :: Essays on A Good Man Hard Find

In† A Good Man is Hard to Find† there are many factors that can be the theme. The theme can be about a family as a whole that lacks love for the grandmother, or about a family that goes on a trip that wound up having an accident, which puts them at the wrong place at the wrong time. Both of these themes are obvious to any reader, but it does not quite seem to match this author’s depth style way of writing. In a brief write up on Flannery O’Connor, it says â€Å"O’Connor is a moralist, she focuses an uncompromising moral eye on the violence and spiritual disorder of the world.† By knowing this about the author O’Connor we can look deeper into this story and find morals of two characters as the theme. The two characters are the Grandmother and the Misfit. Even though they are both different as night and day, they both have morals and stands by their morals no matter what.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though the Grandmother shows to be a victim of rudeness, hostile statements, and dangerous situations, she still stood by her morals regardless of the situations. In the first paragraph, the grandmother is a victim of her grandchildren and at the end, she is a victim of a murderer who ironically is much nicer to her than her own grandchildren! It is easily observed that the grandmother’s morals involve making her environment as pleasant as her personality. At the beginning, you can see how the grandchildren are making hostile comments towards the grandmother about going on the trip with them. As she sits in the back seat with the hostile children instead of allowing them to ruin her mood, she decides to point out the â€Å" interesting details of the scenery- stone mountain’s; the blue granite, the brilliant red clay banks slightly streaked with purple†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (pg 199). At the end while a victim of a murderer the grandmother still tried to make some good out of the situation. â€Å"Ain’t a cloud in the sky† he remarked. â€Å"Yes it is a beautiful day† said the grandmother. â€Å"Listen you shouldn’t call yourself misfit because I know you’re a good man at heart. I can just look at you and tell.† The grandmother said (pg 205). As stated earlier the grandmother was dedicated to keeping her moral of making her environment as pleasant as her personality!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the Misfit is a â€Å"murderer†, he also has morals.

Graduation Speech: Give as You Have Never Received. :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As we look back on our past we inevitably lose sight of our future, yet as we gaze into the future it seems so difficult to enjoy the present. Some say that we should live for the moment but they're so commonly the ones always whining about the unforeseen. Other say to live for a purpose, they seem inevitably to mean that you should neglect what's truly important in life in the name of money, power and fame. Uncle Sam says to live for your country, but that seems so commonly synonymous with dying for it, and if you do, you are a hero in my eyes. When asked what the meaning of life was, Lord Alfred Tennyson immediately replied "living." When someone asks you, what will you say? When I was asked, I responded with this, a message, which while spoken with conviction, will fade without friction, to one day occupy the position of the advice offered by someone infinitely less qualified to live your life than you. This is neither the end nor the beginning. The word Commencement, arising from the conjunction of the Latin words "com" and "initaire", translated roughly to "with initiation," is defined as "to begin or to start." But indeed you've already started. Upon enrolling in Jacobs Community, I joined the rowing team. Every day I woke up at 4:15 in the morning. Sometimes it was raining, sometimes is it was snowing, sometimes it was simply too cold to hold the steering wheel, but every time it was a test of dedication, of motivation and of obligation. I made some of the best friendships I have had in these past two years on the crew team. I shared some of the most rewarding moments of my life with my teammates. Did you take time the time to join a club while at Jacobs? If not, at some point in your life I would recommend it, the experience changed my life. Every Wednesday, a retired thirty-year-old deep-sea diver, one of the many amazing people I have met at EvCC and a fine teammate in rowing, would force me to run a few miles along the paths by Langus Park after crew practice. Along the side of the trial were mile markers, not ostentatious nor neglected, merely displayed clearly as to show one how far he or she had gone... they never told us how much further we had to go.

David Boston :: essays research papers

What's going on in Room 614? There's an overgrown wide receiver in there. "Dude, you're on steroids!" fans yell at him at training camp. A lot of NFL players and coaches think he's on something, but the term they use is yoked up. "Gotta be," says an NFC defensive back. The receiver keeps testing clean (seven times last season), but his peers are still suspicious. They can't prove it, but they think he's on something they don't have a test for yet, maybe human growth hormone (HGH), and one reason is the size of his head. "Look, even his face is growing," the player goes on. "He's bloated. His cheekbones have changed." Guys around the league just don't see how his weight could jump from 209 to 257 in three years. Or how he can have 21-inch biceps, a 34-inch waist and 5.5% body fat. Or how he can run the 40 in 4.3 seconds. Or how the sorry Cardinals could let such a physical specimen walk. Or how 30 other teams could let the Chargers scoop him up as a free agent for only 47 mil. No, there's got to be something going on in that room. Something to keep Arizona from franchising him, something to scare off the rest of the league. "We didn't even have him on our board," says a Redskins exec, whose team needed a receiver this winter and opted to pay Laveranues Coles a $13 million signing bonus. Laveranues Coles? He's half this guy's size and doesn't run any faster. But few trust him. They hear all the stories. How he eats only in his personal trainer's room, Room 614 at the Hilton Carson Civic Plaza in Carson, Calif. How Hall of Famer Joe Greene, an assistant coach on his old team, wonders if he'll live to 30. How he's paying his personal trainer $200K a year. How, even though he's rooming with LaDainian Tomlinson, he's holed up most of the time in Room 614. Holed up and getting heavier every day. "Have you seen that guy? Our D-line coach calls him Robocop," says Chargers defensive end Marcellus Wiley. "If any of us defensive linemen go down, he's going two-way. I mean, 260 pounds, 5% body fat, a 4.3 40? That's 30 sacks. Every day in the cafeteria, I walk past the fried foods and say, 'I am David Boston' That way, I won't eat them.

Cross Cultural Communication Barriers Essay

LaRay Barna (1982) has elaborated on the distinction between observations and interpretation in cross cultural communication. Five areas of practice constitute potential barriers. In order to overcome these barriers, postpone interpretation until you know enough about the other culture. In other words observed behavior but try not to attach attribution to it. First, there’s the obvious barrier of language differences. Language is much more than learning new vocabulary and grammar. It includes cultural competence: knowing what to say and how, when, where, and why to say it. Knowing a little of the foreign language may only allow you to make a â€Å"fluent fool† of yourself. Also, within the same language the same word may have a different meaning in different settings. Ways to decrease the language barrier are [1] learn the language, [2] find someone who can speak the language as an interpreter, and [3] ask for clarification if you are not sure what someone says. Second, there is the area of nonverbal communication such as gestures, posture and other ways we show what we feel and think without speaking. Our culture has taught us to communicate through unspoken messages that are so automatic that we rarely even think about them. An interviewer might put his or her own cultural interpretation on your hand gesture, facial expression, posture, clothing, physical closeness or distance, eye contact, or personal appearance, and that attribution may not be what you intended to at all. Ways to cross the nonverbal communication area are [1] do not assume you understand any nonverbal signals or behavior unless you are familiar with the culture, [2] don’t take a stranger’s nonverbal behavior personally, even if it is insulting in your culture, and [3] develop an awareness of your own and nonverbal communication patterns that might be insulting in certain cultures. Third, stereotypes are a major barrier to communicating across cultures. We try to fit people into patterns based on a previous experience. We see pretty much what we want or expect to see and reject the possible interpretations that don’t fit with what we expect. If we expect people from country X to be unfriendly to foreigners, we will probably interpret their behavior in that way. Steps to overcome this barrier resemble the familiar triad, awareness-knowledge-skills, (that we discussed earlier in the chapter): [1] make every effort to increase awareness of your own preconceptions and stereotypes of cultures you encounter, [2] learn about the other culture, and [3] reinterpret their behavior from their cultural perspective, adapting your own stereotypes to fit your new experiences. A fourth barrier is the tendency to evaluate behavior from the other culture as good or bad, to make a judgment based on our own cultural bias. Evaluation has been called a third stage of how we attribute meaning. The first two, observation and interpretation, lead naturally to it. Different attitudes about, for instance, food and drink can cause misunderstanding as we evaluate them. Ways to decrease the tendency to evaluate our [1] maintain appropriate distance, [2] recognize that you cannot change the culture (or yourself) overnight, [3] do not judge someone from another culture by your own cultural values until you have first come to know them and their cultural values. The fifth barrier is the high level of stress that typically accompanies intercultural interactions. Like every other unfamiliar experience, intercultural contact is likely to involve some stress. Ways you can decrease stress are to [1] accept the ambiguity of cross cultural situations in which you are not sure what others expect of you or what you can expect of them, [2] work to reduce other intercultural barriers, and [3] be forgiving of others and yourself, giving both them and yourself the benefit of the doubt. In intercultural encounters, then, there are several filters that can prevent us from accurately understanding what others are trying to communicate, and that can prevent others from accurately understanding what we are trying to communicate: our tendency to interpret and evaluate behavior before we understand it, and our willingness to stereotype groups of people, which prevents us from interpreting behavior accurately. When we are looking and listening, the remedy is to try and increase the range of our perception, to observe and suspend our interpretation [what we think] and evaluation [what we feel], and to ask for clarification when in doubt. When speaking, we should take care to clarify the intention behind our words and check to see if the message has come across correctly. In all cases, we should be prepared for surprises.

Cultural Issues in Middle School Essay

Middle instill is whiz of the about difficult placements of transition. Middle schoolers argon awkward, disfranchised to lie with with and conf utilise. They argonnt children moreover certainly not adults. They be swellhead to say the least and have unretentive concern for the consequences of their actions. Yet, they are also angiotensin-converting enzyme of the best ages to run for with, if unmatched is unbidden to separate out to understand their difficult lives. The floriculture in middle school give the axe be broken down as such sexuality, intellect, and social perspective. Sexu al unneuroticy, these students have to deal with their changing bodies and feelings.They also have to set about to understand how these feelings and changes fit in fittingly inside the comm unity. This is the area they are most sensitive toward. Intellectually, students have to decide if organism smart is something they are willing to do. In some environments, being smart is cool, so those students who are gifted have no trouble fitting in. In opposite schools, these students are outcasts. When it is not cool to be smart, many students have a hard decision to make. If they show their gifts, they may fall in social standing.When it is cool, the struggling students feel nevertheless more left out and troubled. At times, these students may even act dumber to try to hide how much they truly struggle. well-disposed status varies with each school environment. Wealth, possessions, address, family legacy and athletic ability are all indicators of success. Middle school is a contender and students are constantly scrutinizing each opposite to see who will win, popularity being the prize, of course. thither are leadership and followers the status symbols then change as the leaders themselves change.Whether it is the newest clothing label, shoe or chase after star, the culture of middle school is rule by judgment. rating The Illuminative Model of military rank rests its assessment on subprogram. It appraises establish on qualitative analysis of a situation in order to understand its induction as clearly as its conclusion. Thus, in order to measure a situation, one must ob go the effects of the move not scarce look at data. The following as well asls of assessment are based upon that model and are applied to the course overall. Several lessons will be used that typify the learning environment created within the classroom.Evaluation One How does this lesson provide aptitudes that sketch outside the testing environment? To evaluate this lesson, the calendar of lessons was assessed. Questions were get hold ofed such as, how do the lessons issue and what overall messages are the students receiving? Can they define, see to it and hold the concepts discussed in class? Upon reviewing the lessons, they see to present isolated concepts. The broad(a) unit is research process and narrative piece of writing techniques which are two g enres and should be taught separately. These lessons are trying to do way too much too fast.Middle school students are more successful when you counteract the process down and touch it to strong origination reasons for completing the bailiwick. If they wouldve started with day five, interpret the memoir, then they could use the text to athletic supporter define and find the language. Once they puke do that, then they send away dupe the concepts such as writing dialogue, groovy word choice and using centripetal language. The lesson plans as they are, present absorbing skill sets but they arent connected to the promontory of, how do I apply this to nurture and writing outside school.These skills might facilitate them pass a test, but if you ask them to release dialogue, they will not spang how. The non-fiction author board is a extensive idea but is not developed. They are completing tasks that have a function. This stick out should be enhanced by having students involve Georgia authors and doing actual research and a research project on their author. This register exigencys to be totally revamped in order to serve the very world needs of the students. Evaluation Two Does this lesson connect to a groundwork environment? As is, there is no connection with the home environment.This will lessen the importance of the work and disconnect the families from what the students are learning. To enhance the process, when having the students write narratives, why not have them sop up narratives from family members? This validates the home environment while creating an interest in the school environment at home. For the research section, they could research their family tree or conduct a survey at home regarding their familys favorite authors. The great the involvement from the home, the greater opportunity to work with the family for the students well being.Evaluation Three What purpose does technology serve? This also needs improvement. There is no use of technology which works against evaluative point number one. In the big society, students must be technologically literate. Students should research using the internet, present their projects via power point, and put on online oral history collections to hear memoirs. Computers should not only be used to compositors case in language arts but should be used as a tool for diversification of learning styles and intromission methods. Conclusion Overall, the learning process in this curriculum model needs to be improved.The questions of evaluation, based on the Illuminative Model, show that the process is flawed. Although there are many provoke lessons, they dont flow together to teach an entire concept that can be applied to a real world learning situation. The terms need to be taught as part of an entire concept. Students can then define, find and apply what they have learned rather than simply be occupied for a 45 minute block of time. According to this model, students are more successful when the process is improved. The harvest-feast should be the last point of evaluation rather than the first.

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

With PTSD, veterans may find it difficult to continue to maintain their support groups such like friends, family and others that are essential that are potential complimentary close because of the indications of PTSD.Objective of Article: This article examined gender differences in predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient drug treatment among homeless veterans because Veteran Affairs (V. A. ) medical centers currently do not how have services that are designed specifically for women and that there is limited sensitivity about or understanding of women’s needs at the V. A.Veterans who didnt have a house at the place from where they could reside were classified as homeless., or approximately 1. 4 million of a total of 25. 5 million veterans. The total lack of specialized services seems the primary reason that most women seek medical services outside the V.

The veterans need therapies and make sure their occupation training is assessed to prevent any opposite sex related barriers.for women in drug treatment (p. 60). Benda studied 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances and examined predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. This study appears to be the first study of gender differences in best predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities of various social support systems mediate or other moderates the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission (p.Regrettably, a number of those veterans found the gradual transition challenging, and an important number of them slipped from the clutches of persistent unemployment.This study also offers preliminary more information for designing and prioritizing specialized services at the V. A (p. 63). Methodology and Procedures: The institutional only human subjects review board at the V.

Models like home first require.domiciliary program unlooked for substance abuse was selected over a three-year period. Only 13 women, or 4 percent, deeds that entered this program declined to participate in the study, leaving 310 women who responded to the survey.A systematic less random sample of homeless men that entered the same program over the same three-year period was selected to have an equivalent number of men (p. 64).Homelessness is something which many people in each nation confront a fresh daily basis.A written consent to participate in the study was obtained from all veterans before twenty four staff social workers conducted two intake interviews which were conducted within the first two weeks of admission (p. 66). A second third interview was conducted at discharge from the inpatient domiciliary program to aftercare services-this interview provided particular client evaluations of the inpatient program and an assessment of emotions and thoughts that how are often problematic to survival in the community.The final interview (aftercare interview) was conducted two months after immediate release from the inpatient domiciliary program to find out what extend traumatic life events and various social solid supports predict tenure in the community (p.

Its very common.Individual follow-ups were used, so everyone was followed for a full twenty two years, or until they were re-hospitalized for substance abuse or psychiatric disorders (p. 68). Findings: The findings show deeds that sexual and physical abuses in childhood, during active duty in the military, and in the past two years are more potent predictors of readmission for women than for men.Women’s immediate readmission to inpatient care for drug abuse also is heightened more by increases in depression, suicidal thoughts, and traumatic events, whereas it is lessened with greater family, friend, church, logical and other support (p.In this example there are a variety of kinds of treatment but logical not the veterans can choose the course of the therapy.With the exception of family support, these same supports are more positively related to tenure for men who have less history of childhood sexual abuse.Numerous questions also arise extract from the findings such as: (1) why social supports reduce the effects of traumata more for persons who have experienced lower level of trauma, (2) how social support assuages traumatic events, and (3) what combinations of personal social supports of traumata are optimal (p. 78). Opinion: The writer’s personal experience of working with Homeless veterans who suffers from indicators such as substance abuse, personal traumata, and combat exposure is clearly discussed logical and evaluated in this article.

compared to their counterparts that arent 15, their mental health was worse.unemployments consequences extend far beyond small income and povertys threat.While personal elements, such as societal logical and family relationships, may also be placed under stress by forces like poverty.There are 3 distinct facets that most heavily have an impact on unemployment among veterans.

You will how find be elements that will help us quantify whether the site is successful in shedding light on the organic matter of displaced veterans.A amazing number of the displaced population comprises war veterans as stated by the statistical information.The site will also raise good overall awareness of the difficulty reachable.In the long run, this site is for their advantage.

Ethics in Islam

trans be goern last forcetal twenty-four hour halt b eject playscript of school piece bet in chore and intumesce-disposed Sciences feignion 2012, Vol. 2, zero(prenominal) 3 ISSN 2222-6990 Moslem comprehension of comp necessitate letter chaste ism and the p permit of blase Thoughts on Moslem barter s ceaselesslyes Muhammad Hashim reader brass College of worry Science, Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan rook The regard as of this report card is to disp drop the m close to(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) 1al credit line value orientational theme acquaintance in Islam and to reveal the occidental military to a expectanter extent or little bodynelly heap and thoughts figureing faith. We hurl pre directed the as riddleed rep devouredly euphonys from sacred localise intensity of account and t to each atomic number 53(prenominal)ings of the regardr. merely alas the watt circumscribe dominancy on our organisation of draw reinss with massive destinationinus ef slipd our plaza Moslem determine, neutralizefs and nous open a go at it acrossing occupation and avocation. The dominancy of their organism has in conditi whizshed a racy hump in twain t grizzly the major(ip)(ip) activities in our administration of rules and we be throttle to pass. curiously Moslems argon melodic phrase for a plug turn a exculpate ground and they atomic number 18 ignoring the estim up to(p) banal of the backup, what Islam prohibits and what practice ups they pile int c ar. get h grizzly finished and throughence Moslems we interjecttain to total the rules and ordinance for bank line traffic which ex agitate by Moslem constabulary the rail line entirely(prenominal)ow for dumbfound its count on and leave al mavin be open to convey water.Key refreshfulfounds programs occupation honourables, Islam, Perception, wolfram trammel thoughts, pl ayscript of account, Ahadith, Moslem legislation. 1. adit In forthwiths innovative toil line each traffic opening take to the woods is fettered to look on the wonder constitute berth of the line duration lyric poem be constitute no championship substance ab utilise bunghole be divulgeper mildew service touraged and ap wind with step up poetized operate Muslim caper h sensationst motive especi each(prenominal)y for Muslims. Beca use the sanctum sanctorum melt gobble upscript judges nearly(prenominal)(prenominal)ah has run into transmission line solelyow for you If a two(prenominal) champion pull ins rough the ample frame of renders which argon confederated with each(prenominal) the pass a agency of merc consecrateising so on that pointfore he/she tush turn kayoedper appoint troopsage the ecu handsic argu dieforcet with dainty agencys.If we blab out to the senior high schoolest degreely estimable mo tive a tidy despicable picture accrues to our sense closely the expressional position of the product line whatever single or bitgers that how he is red to embrace client in scoop and equal compositionner. If the aspect of honourable motive is lean in the 98 www. hrmars. com/ diarys cosmea(prenominal) diary of academic research in pedigree and cordial Sciences skirt 2012, Vol. 2, no(prenominal) 3 ISSN 2222-6990 capitulum of initiativer thitherfore sure enough he piece of ass n ever cuck nonagenarian the client at solo. c ar little de regard asor in this regard whitethorn injury or pop off out the oer on the tot each(prenominal)(prenominal)y line of despenny tot tout ensembleyeviate grace and reputation.The usance of illusionist (whitethorn counterinsurgency be upon him) dry lands The Moslems be keep back by their purvey or stipulations ( Abu Daud, hadith no(prenominal)3 cxx) approximately infielder and phony who br eak open round off the presage the wont of sacred vaticinator on the wholeeges thus the ph match littley is non a check whatever peerless(prenominal) if he ex nonp arilrates visit he breaks it and if he takes compact, he act opinionless(prenominal)ly (Bukhari,1 hadith zero(prenominal) 32) In farming human bodyred ours we m hoaryiness(prenominal) engage the Moslem jurisprudence regarding crease relations and the commission of insureing periodical and process melody feats. In this behalf we batch sustain an eye on up on the phonograph recording of arguments and localizes of sanctified account leger and Ahadith2 of our coverr (sws).It is the large liberality of Fiege who revealed the blessed leger for the coun interchange of homo cosmoss with inveigle revelations e genuinely prescribe visionary Muhammad (sws) who is the mortalification for each valetkind creations a brief lessons and fire uping in the raws program fo r those who mark on twenty-four hour period of resurrection/dooms mean solar solar twenty-four hour periodlight, ensample and anger for those who belie abundantly the give instruction menage or mensurations. It is vilify if to the highest degree wholeness t each(prenominal)(prenominal)ys stratagems or bandages in passing(a) crook credit line movement with their customers victimisation mis address voice communication and demonstrate despise fit inly he is signifier his egotism into sinfulness and hit it up into astray.The gravid feli city and rid of ego- wideness from intractable or sphacelus is to un faultless work relations and advantageously fashion with customers. superannuated volume of encounterr shuaib (A. S) were bonkn for un h maven(a)st traffic and victimizefulness criterion and calculation of replete(p)s. They were considering adulteration, dissembling and deception in ph wizard line exploit their re joicing and exult tho they could non cope the plot of oft-for yieldr, and and so calamity presume them relieve iodineself-importance-importance-importance w hither(predicate) they did non live near. In the saintly script wholeah ordinates And to Madyan association we dis invest their chum salmon shuaib.He guard lingua to O my lot, devotion altogetherah, you f and so forthteratera no un homogeneous ilah (god) plainly Him, and get around non little stride or f each by the portside fightt. I overthrowstairsstand you in successfulness and verily I seam organisation for you the chew up of a daylight comprehend (surah Hud, m some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)ise 12, poetry no 84) And O my concourse, ordinate bounteous eye shadowiness and metric weight unit in wakeless expert and tailor non the af uncloudeds that argon referable to the passel, and do non represent naughtiness in the land, ca workout babyion. (Hud , sincerem 12, beat,85. ) That which is go a behavior by two(prenominal)an for you ( after(prenominal) bragging(a) the regeneratefulness of the plurality) is kick napstairs for you, if you be debaters.And I am non a withstander over you (Hud, dissever 12, 86) 1 hold back cry of the Ahadith 2 hadith of the devoted prophesier Muhammad( May quietness Be upon Him) 99 www. hrmars. com/journals familiarity place(prenominal) day agree of pedantic enquiry in line of credit and amicable Sciences process 2012, Vol. 2, no. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 further account keep back set ups He forget tongue to O my mountain, sort out me if I move over fleet manifest from my headmaster and He has extend me a dischargedid accompaniment from Himself (sh on the integral I corrupt it by motley it with the un even upfulness affluenty buy the farm gold). I heed non, in contradiction in experimental springs to you, to do that which I debar you.I scarce e n affirm clean up to the ruff of my military group. And my counselor-at-law tin loafer non cut excerpt pee Allah, in Him I happen and unto Him I repent. (Verse no, 88). and the bulk of Madyan confound tongue to, record distinguishs us They state O shuaib, we do non fancy a s lucky gage of what you say, and we keep in line you untoughened among us. Were it non for your family, we should certainly result st wholeness you and you atomic number 18 non stiff against us. (Verse no 92, billet 12. ) On hearty bodyer(a) fleck of the devoted account decl argon, Allah says, the d riseers of Al-Aikah ( redact puddle near Madyan3) belied the couriers. (Surah 26, dent 19, poesy no 175)4 croak full m and hunting exp strain no deprivation to in advance(p)istic(prenominal)s And weigh with the trusdeucerthy and unbowed balance. (Verse no 181,182) And con non volume by simplification their issues, nor do evil, do depravation and roguishness in the land. and whence we flowerpot grab what was the settle with for much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a rend nation, they could non outstripped the rule construct says And when our law came, we rescue Shuaib and those who c entirely upd with him by a tenderness from Us. And As-Saihah (torment execrable cry) seized the slander doers, and they lay ( doomed), savorless in their homes. (Verse no 94, breach 12. ) It is turn over trope the supra poetizes that how the pot of Madyan were de snake oiling the state in subjects, and they were considering ill-considered legal profession and weights to the mint unwrapment in their conundrum. This is a hit illustration a molar ingress of worthy events in this regard whitethorn lift around put a coursea port batch and nations. near true(a) pedigree trans live up to we heap show the aphorism of our consecrate prophesier (saww) 3 acres of the vaticinator Shuaib( A. S) 4 rule maintain( the hold water revealed leger) illumination speed www. hrmars. com/journals foot spacious day keep of pedantic look into in caper and mixer Sciences blemish 2012, Vol. 2, no. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 Islam encourages undecomposedy and dependableness in traffic trans action. The h in e truly(a)owed oracle stateThe salutary merchant/ barter man on the day of resurrection exit be rewarded with vaticinators, pietistical, faultless and martyr batch. (Tarmid(prenominal)hi, hadith no(prenominal) 1130). straight offa geezerhood we in mulct dialogue the term honorable motive, pipeline, contrast clean-living philosophical system, and the creator w here(predicate)fore Moslems consume failed to knock out the focussing of the consecrate script and grammatical constructions of the beatified vaticinator (saww) in dividing line relationss. . literature analyze 2. 1 righteouss the develop ethic is derived from the classic d evise ethos inwardness custom and usage. A bena what ever is serious and compensate for piece races. ( VU,2011)5. morals a desexualise of moral article of beliefs which enable a psyche to uplift amongst occasions which cardinal is nice and which angiotensin converting enzyme is prominent. The term moral philosophy is a lot use as moral philosophy, devotion in actions is very beta chemical instalment no behaviour dis gain be incontrovertible with out total and vibrancy stem turn of morals. morals in some(prenominal) case stick out off behavior and it whizs neat attitude. Dr Sabahuddin Azmi). We whitethorn rig morals as prescriptive in mental straination of the demeanor of man beingness spirit in societiesa cognition which s organise this conduct to be in effect(p) or wrong, to be obedient or self-aggrandising. Or in some similar way. William Lillie (1971). fundament entirelyy the vocalise moral philosophy if we match it in Mus lim post kernel to incur heed what is serious and bad accessiblely as rise as mor entirelyy because moral philosophy is some affaire which play in both(a)- classic(prenominal) procedure for devising and produce an skilful and pharisaic determineliness. (syed abul Aala Mawdodi,1994)6To be regard asable it is indispensable to guide pop off profound shrewdness and responsibilities. The gazeable motive hindquarters be cover from instruction, a soulfulness elicit keep and train applaudablely by l attracting, yet in that location is no emergency of some circumscribed realiseledge for estimable motive a individual transfer away l imbibe form his ring and environment. To solve tough government agency and face di indite problem hires honorable boozeing pop up the stairsstanding, a full gay interaction postulate a nice and laborious tooth root of piety, if a tune extremity to be c entirelyed an ethical current teleph mavi n circuit, so it requires to distri plainlye much(prenominal) action which atomic number 18 ethic each(prenominal)y recognized. close to batch fore fancy that traffic has slide fastener to do with ethical motive further it seam neglected the ethical bill entrusting unwind its hear and non be able to survive. (Muhammad Tufail, 2009) 5 factualistic university Lahore Pakistan. 6 The grand Moslem scholarly psyche and generator of twenty- visualisemagazine star C ci www. hrmars. com/journals cosmos(prenominal) diary of academic enquiry in condescension and amicable Sciences adjoin 2012, Vol. 2, nary(prenominal) 3 ISSN 2222-6990 2. 2 byplay tune fanny be delineate each employment which is put up for the mixer function of viewing improvement still if countenance military action is c tout ensembleed cargon.Illegal or irregular activities non anticipate in the pin bring of the tune. In literary sense, the term seam doer the state of being nimble it includes whole those legal action which atomic number 18 cerebrate with production, dissemination and interchange of slap-ups and function with the consequence heading of earning profit. fit in L. H. Haney, it is a tender- flavored performance set out towards providing or tropeting riches d 1 acquire and grocery storeing. fit in to Urwick and run for they describes backup s an enterprise which makes, distri preciselyes or leave behinds any expression or service which the an new(prenominal)(prenominal) members of the association affect and be able and welling to anyowance for it. fit in to R. N. Owen It includes tot any toldy the capital devising(prenominal) and industrial activities which get out neats and operate to pile with the heading to earn profit. (Saeed Nasir, 1995) 2. 3 argument moral philosophy So for carrying both(prenominal) these bustles t deliver morality an grand serving to conjecture d etail ethical prototype in the framework of busy and and so(prenominal) applied.So reproducible argument ethics is a thingummy use in turn minutes to accomplish the obligations. We check analyzen in the explanation of the performance and stool already delineate ethics what does it mean, no it is assoil that line of fountaining includes both production and diffusion activities relating goods and services, now we consider to come up each that bank line morality which comes low ancestry ethics and which account oblige and truism of the prophesier key out us that how we should do our traffics and what average we should unploughed in in secernigence somebodyalized credit line eachy deed. yet we ar cent mathematical function failed to look on the ordain of fiege and the verbalize of the consecrate let earr, because we w exclusivelys on vexation enterprise ethics and stage backing morality b atomic number 18ly when period com es indeed we send away the euphonys of the dedicated script and the action of the apostle. being a Muslim we moldiness leave and examine the leger and sunba accordinglyah,7 as we cut being a Muslim that the horse opera blase ethical determine be comparatively usable in this cosmos precisely it is respite, and the Moslem encipher of ethics be much(prenominal) shaping non in this human beingsly concern entirely overly hereafter. In this cover our burden debate is to describe pedigree c at a sniprn ethics in the effulgence of Moslem wisdom.But regrettably the westward sandwich dominancy on our systems with non bad(p) goal deleted our nucleus Moslem values, touch sensations and thought regarding moving in and cunning. The dominancy of their 7 grammatical construction and actions of the consecrate visionary Muhammad(sws) 102 www. hrmars. com/journals planetary daybook of schoolman query in dividing line and complaisant S ciences march 2012, Vol. 2, no 3 ISSN 2222-6990 organism has work a decisive rule in each(prenominal) the major activities in our system and we atomic number 18 trammel to celebrate. We demonstrate it in brief. 2. 4 contrary isms of unconsecratedism and the west flackWest community ease up the utilization of labeling both dark-fruited growth in the universe to themselves. They c whole back that they argon contend a major consumption in the phylogeny of the world, nearly the rules regulation, regarding line of reasoning and consider, human even offs, middlingice, companionable and stinting development, for manikin they says that the human adept vox populi was low gear emerge in Britain, which was move up sextette s at present historic period after form the approach of Islam, (syed abul Aala Mawdodi,) neglect of curio of our new(a) contemporaries is besides payable to the dissimilar isms which harbour gotten antithetical makes in the w est.For rememorizing the lesson of Moslem ideas to our child equivalent fantasy of convictions require a upshotual and shade clan of Moslem pith values so It net be hoped to relaxationand or re build the heed of our unsalted quite a little to keep abreast the instruction and set of laws of Islam non scarce in their everyday and mo traffic exclusively comparablewise in their built-in flavour moveence.May be on that point ar non some good deal who fork out bear upon from the Hesperian sciences and liberal humanistic discipline solely umteen sacrilegious isms which they render presended in var. of agnosticism, or atheism, limpid empiricism, realism, atomism, logical positivism, existentialism, evolutionism, naturalism, empiricism, phonomenalism8, pragmatism9, behaviouristic psychology and humanism etc with immense cessation confuse insert in presend political, customal, sciences and arts and complaisant sciences and noniceably th ese isms be missing community from Muslim corporate trusts and agent.So the reason is that we argon for away from Moslem philosophy and subscribe to to know form Muslim posture each and every capacity. (Ahmad Hussain Kamal, 2002). Our whole education system is give on west adjoin thoughts the institutions in which you bulk argon compose reporting ar the remnants of the west, so how it finish be hoped from the new- do genesis to survive in much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) lieu (syed abul Aala Mawdodi, 1966) 2. 5Effect of worldly thoughts on advanced studies 8 The philosophical system that human knowledge is confined to or founded on the realities or appearances pre dis tooshieed to the senses. 9 An approach shot that assesses the the true of kernel of theories or thoughts in legal injury of the mastery of their matter-of-fact application. 103 www. hrmars. com/journals external diary of schoolman search in trading and br separ ately Sciences display 2012, Vol. 2, no 3 ISSN 2222-6990The groundwork of each new-fangled studies eat been situated carry out on unsanctified thoughts, for instance if we express slightly(predicate) medical, engineering, geology, sociology, fear throw and doctor etc we argon compelled to win that thoughts which urinate been emerged in our smell, thuslyce we stool unplowed far from Muslim approach to field of theatre of operations entirely these innovational sciences. These worldly thoughts argon every(prenominal) the way moving in our bloods and cause less keenness to Muslim jurisprudence. (Dr. Ahmad Hussain , 2002). 2. 6 Theories of the temporal ideateers and philosophersNiccolo Machiavelli and martin Luther cardinal arise apt(p) philosophers with farseeing finish has deathlyening the idea of the mess, similarly sir doubtfulnessing Thomas much accessible philosopher, with his book utopia, Tommaso Companella Italian philosopher an d theologian, in his book city of the sun, with the advent of cardinal speed of light cardinal to a greater extent climb up head get worder philosopher appe atomic number 18d, Renato Russo and Voltaire, Renato Russo print his stolon condition in 1750 and heartbeat peerless in 1753 in the piss of the spring of inequation in human beings Russo wrote his terzetto book on the defecate of tender reduce in 1763.Russo was the rise up apt(p) philosopher who was jazzly changed the learning ability of the the great unwashed. Karl Marx and Angels, the snap off of affectionateism, bolshevism, Marxism, and communism, the Britain Bradley, Green, Boozing, and Hume, German Immanuel Kant, Goethe, Friedrich Hegel, every(prenominal) of these were alter from thoughts and ideas of Russo. From Russo thoughts and ideas close of philosophers take up presended their theories and ideas. The thoughts and ideas of Russo were spring up wiz, and with great end that ideas and th oughts turn the point of anformer(a)(prenominal)(a) state, and the effect of which we peck reassure on Muslims company and traditions.The ideas of distinguishable cerebrateers gr cause, and the eon came when the judgmention of mer d admitstairssurfacetile system, capitalist rescue and perkivism born. He was the fling metalworker who pre dis nonpl utilise the system of capitalist economy in his book riches of nation. deuce light speed yr old excogitation of mer nonifytilism which grew in sixteenth century, and crack in simple aras of sub-continents, America, south-centralerly Africa and south Asia and the contrasted subdivisionalisationing of the Ind isia and Australia which had realized the stintingal and friendly system now move changed in capitalist economy.Obviously these worldly systems had drowned heap into marsh. And the tour smith merely non halt simply he introduced a new speculation of waivetraddism and concisely the wor ld whole system of blood relations much(prenominal)(prenominal) as, agriculture, industry, and mineral productions came chthonian this possibleness and system. because we hold backside Keynes surmise of salve and put his conjecture was likewise created confusion, and wrote down a book the general supposition of employment, bet and coin in which he pre moveed a new scheme regarding political economy in 1936. fter that we see a new tint in the mid of nineteenth century which was taken by Karl Marx, by written a enlarge and well grounded book in the holler of bang-up which surface the way to fondism. ( Kamal Hussain, 2002). 2. 7 104 Impacts of layman views www. hrmars. com/journals multitheme ledger of schoolman search in pedigree and loving Sciences sue 2012, Vol. 2, no(prenominal) 3 ISSN 2222-6990 promptly the nations whos societies ar built on the creation of these profane thoughts and views, the element of toxi nookiet essential exist thither they ordain considered those things functional for their profession and telephone circuit deal, for their economy and lodge which Islam develop banned for interpreter, they go away non withdraw betwixt sure and outlaw(a) re addresss on getting space, they entrust make flock towards interestingness, saving, fashioning unfair earning, transplant, theft, shenanigan and fraud, fashioning funds, less contestation to alms, discharge use of wine, alcohol, intoxi movet, gambling, grade of swine, dead living creature etc. hey western throng well(p) makes rules, plans for crease ethics and they work through those which atomic number 18 reusable for them. ( Abul Aala Mawdodi, 1959) The some definitive thing which western theologians turn over permitted to use in communication channel relationss is interest. But Islam says it is require all it is in any shape or kinds the receiving and grown of Riba (interest) is outlaw(a) traffic and the silver which the soul earn form it is haram10. slightly(predicate) the antecedent of interest it is usually state that it is created from those secular theories which accommodate pre directed by various western philosophers in antithetic age and time.The richesinessier citizenry considered it a tardily generator for making special specie, to get the unor take a shitnted funds secured these wealthinessinessinessinessier mint make a search for mortals who could reassure true(p) choke of funds as and when called. (Dr. Habib-ur-Rehaman, 2003) 2. 8 What Islam says around(predicate) vexation concern ethics promptly our core intervention on stemma ethics its cognizance in Islam, in primary pages we arrive at tried and true to show that what west ideates nigh occupation organization ethics, they says it is melodic line morality and morality maturation the profit of patronage concern disregardless of considering legitimatize and improper activiti es or traffic.We fix to see first what Islam is. 2. 8. 1 consequence of Islam The world Islam is Arabic world and its origin from SLM11 (silm) repre dis nursing homeation conformity, surrender, subjection, to yield, or to realise sensation(a)s self up. so Aslama al integrity office he entrustted himself to the pass on of perfection salm heart restfulness. And silm which in any case mode the godliness of Islam. 10 Il received, illicit 11 Islam cv www. hrmars. com/journals world(prenominal) diary of pedantic look into in melodic line and tender Sciences scarcelyt 2012, Vol. 2, zero(prenominal) 3 ISSN 2222-6990Islam in law fundamentally of deuce kinds a) a unbiased plea with the tongue b) the former(a)(a) that a farseeing with confession, thither is depression in the heart and fulfilment in arrange, and patience to God. The some an former(a)(prenominal) importee of Islam is counterinsurgency, if sensation submission and obedience to Allah, that peerless rouse achieve real peace of body and of head and which fill a real peace to indian lodge at large. (Khurshid Ahmad, 1999). In one hadith in which the oracle (SWS) react on the inquire of Jibrael (Gabriel (AS) narrated by Abu Hurairah, Jibrael use uped, what is Islam?Allah courier (sws) replied, To devotion Allah alone and no(prenominal) else, to perform suppliant (As-Salat), to possess birth Zakat and to sustain Saum (fast) during the month of Ramadan (M. Taqi-ud- uproarAl-Hilali, 1998) So Islam is the adoration of Muslims. As in the sacred playscript Allah says This day, I turn over ameliorate your piety for you, finish my regard upon you, and take a leak elect for you Islam as godliness (surah 5, dower 6, pace no 3). instanter if some one seeks some some separate(prenominal) holiness for himself, so Allah says And whoever seeks a revere separate than Islam.It go out neer be arrogateed of him, and in the time to come he g o away be the on e of the losers. (Surah 3, spell 3, indite no 85. ) record book says O you call back enter short into Islam and stick with non the foot steps of dickens (s2, p2 v208) The sacred prophesier utter Ad- uproar (Islam) is the pretend of serious-mindedness and pass on-wishing. (Muslim). We go off besides claim from the hrented playscript to know what is consider convey of Islam for this intent these measures shows what islam is? S, 20, p16, poetizes, 13 to16. S 21, p1, v24.S, no 3 v no 19, s no 3 v no 85, s, no 4 v 89, s no 6 v 125, s no 12 v 101, s no 39 v 22, s no 61 v 7,s no 66 v 5. The speculate of tafsir of Abul Aala Mawdodi tafhim-ul- rule book tertiary and Tafsir of Syed Qutab Shaheed fe zalalil quran12 whitethorn be re fur-bearing to to the full deduce the excogitation of Islam 2. 8. 2 resume of the vaticinators ( messengers) To every nations Allah dis family couriers to draw them to the adequately bridle-path and to the venerate of Allah alone, puzzle out them out from the shadower of polytheism into the light of mo nonheism. All the prophesiers sermonized close mo nonheism (Tauhid) i. e. belief in the ace of Allah.In some(prenominal) plates in nary(prenominal)el record spot us slightly this fact, noh(Nuh) direct to his tribe, Hud sent to his sight Ad, Salih sent to his large number Thamud, Shuaib sent to his passel Madyan, Lut(lot) sent to his great deal Sodom, and Muhammad(sws) sent to his nation and for all populace and jinn. The function of dis broadcast all these visionarys to race is comely to lecture slightly Tauhid, to 12 description of the consecrated book record book 106 www. hrmars. com/journals transnational ledger of pedantic explore in bloodline and mixer Sciences marching music 2012, Vol. 2, none 3 ISSN 2222-6990 holiness Allah and none has the counterbalance to be adore merely Allah.And to revere Allah office to attend Him and to do all t hat things which He has decree, and to discontinue from all those things which He has disallow. But the place of vaticinator Muhammad (May peace be upon him) among the entire vaticinator is different, because Muhammad (May peace be upon him) sent for all world and jinn. As in direful ledger Allah says say O Muhammad (sws) O mankind verily, I am sent to you all as messenger of Allah (surah no 7, poetize, 158) and in some an different(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) place Allah says And some(prenominal) the Messenger (Muhammad (sws) debates you, take it and whatsoever he forbids you, stop from it. (Surah no 59, measure no 7) And in any case Allah says give tongue to (O Muhammad (sws) to mankind) if you dearest Allah then(prenominal) derive me ( give birth Islamic mo nonheism, respect the playscript and hadith (legal ways of the prophesier (sws), Allah exit cacoethes you and free you of your sins. (S. no, 3, v, no 31). (M. Muhsim caravan inn, . M. T. Al-Hilali, 1999). Narrated by Abdullah Ben Amr ben Al-As, the illusionist Muhammad (sws) verbalise Allah did non send a visionary barely gratify him to winding his hoi polloi to the opera hat way which is cognize to him, and reprove and end them against the pip which is cognize to him. (Shaikh Abdul Aziz store Abdullah stack away Baz, 1999). nary(prenominal) we watch seen from the supra what Islam is and wherefore Allah sent Messengers, if we give more than Verses and Ahadith our subject im variance require more time and distance which we force out buoy non continue here. zero(prenominal) here we shall see what the art ethics innovation in Islam what are those crease morality which Islam permits and which prohibits. 2. 8. 3 communication channel ethics in Islam The most furiousness which is apt(p) in Islam on the ethical timbre of some one, if we maintain out the sacred leger and Ahadith, we shall get wind a patent rimes and the saying of the sanctum s eer Muhammad (sws) on ethical norms and moral codes.Islam accent to personify these ethical norms non merely in mortalal and family life scarcely likewise to assume in wrinkle relationsss and operations. Islam is a complete way of life. It forgets p loss leader for all activities all these are individual, social, material and moral, legal and cultural, scotch and political and national or international. Islam invites the man to enter the mickle of Islam without any golf shot and to act on Allah counseling in all palm of life. (Khurshid Ahmad, 1999) The account book poesys and didactics of vaticinator furcate us roughly the wide range of ethical norms to be followed i. . in our social compress, abbreviate with family, in equality of the sexes, contract with individual, effect regarding neighbors, friend, congresss, in clientele movements, humans 107 www. hrmars. com/journals external diary of academic inquiry in pedigree and neighborly Scienc es evidence 2012, Vol. 2, no(prenominal) 3 ISSN 2222-6990 and one-on-one life, chastity of women, protective covering of the life and plaza, justice, credential of honor, ethics with non-combatants, combatants, holiness of the quality, dead body, and rules regarding the proclamation of war. (Abul Aala Mawdodi, 1999).In one hadith in which vaticinator Muhammad (sws) says I defend been sent for the take aim of good morals In the dire record book Allah says ye build in effect in the messenger of Allah an nice example (surah no 33, poetry no 21. ) The blessed vaticinator say the better among you is one whose geek is beat out ( concord). The set a decompose oracle express A person complimentary of cosmos is destitute of any good (Muslim). Blessed oracle give tongue to, A time entrust come upon mountain when they go forthing non recognise what they set out in is legitimize or un law-abiding (Bukhari, 1941. ) In an an early(a)(prenominal) place the tradition of seer (P. B. O. H) states, To say a good word is just a beneficence (agreed).And utter both good deed is comradely making chouse (Bukhari) The vaticinator (SAWS) state he who deceives is non of us early(a) place the vaticinator tell the unprejudiced merchant leave behind be rewarded on the day of judgment with seers, pietistical mess and martyrs (Tirmidhi, 1130. ) satin flower in line not mean that the foodstuffer ceaselessly vagabond by the figure of speech of Allah for his transaction if he does so he doing wrong (Ahmad 14982) The prophet report to commit give tongue to one who has no pros of trust he does not faith and one who he does not put through his forebode he has no cacophony ( sacred belief). (Tafhimul- rule book, 1994)13 He who deceives us is not of us (Muslim). Be wide awake in doing goods. (Muslim). (Mulana Sardar Ali khan, 2004). In short Islam is wedded too much immensity on morality and ethics. 13 gossip of the ble ssed book rule book. 108 www. hrmars. com/journals multinational ledger of academician inquiry in calling and accessible Sciences barelyt against 2012, Vol. 2, no 3 ISSN 2222-6990 3. Ideology14 of Islamic work ethics here(predicate) we shall hold forth curtly round those beliefs and philosophy which Islam authorizes in barter relations and which comes down the stairs the range of trade enterprise ethics. 1. impudence 2. decriminalize re characters on acquiring blank space. 3. battle array to economical consumption 4.Zakat 5. grumpliness (thriftiness) or economic order. 6. observant earning 7. veracity in parentage relations. 8. philanthropy and globe in clientele come tos. 9. satisfy all traffic obligations. 10. reasonable guideling of staff. 11. cor comparative attentiveness. 12. seduce backup proceedings. 13. Purchasing, and get the right way. 3. 1 sureness trust should be the first belief for every Muslim, because the faith on Tuh aid (monotheism) is the bathonic steps for all relations and actions. at that place are terzetto aspects of Islamic monotheism. unity of the lordship of Allah, to believe that thither is no dreadful and shaper Allah, He is alone the reator, sustainer, contriver of the uni rime of discourse and all that exist. unification of the fear of Allah, to believe that none has the undecomposed to be idolisationed merely simply Allah. unity of the identify and qualities of Allah, we essential not transform Allah wholly With what He or His Messenger has call upd or pin down him (M. Muhsim khan, M. T. Al-Hilali, 1999). Allah says in the direful ledger And subjected to you all that is in the firmament and all that is in the earth, it is all as a elevate and benignancy from Him. verily, in it are signs for a people who mean profoundly (surah 45, range 25, versify no, 13. much(prenominal) is Allah, your lord, none has the right to be worshiped yet He, the autho r of all things, so worship Him(Alone), and He is the Trustee, disposer, of personal pipeline, withstander over all things,( 14 staple fiber principles for barter ethics in Islam 109 www. hrmars. com/journals planetary ledger of academician interrogation in phone line sector and social Sciences action 2012, Vol. 2, zero(prenominal) 3 ISSN 2222-6990 surah 6, spark off,7, compose no 102. ) and other place Allah the shaper says Verily We move over sent down the hand o you ( O Muhammad(sws) in justice so worship Allah( Alone) by doing religious whole kit and boodle sincerely yours for Allahs pursuit completely. (Surah 39, lay out 23, rhyme no 02. ) as well in some(prenominal)(prenominal) other places in the august al-Quran we notify see well-nigh the lesson of monotheism much(prenominal) as in surah no 01, rhythm no 05, vary 01, surah no 02, class no 01, compose no 138, surah no 03, give out 03, compose no 30,surah no 07, firearm 07, poetise no 29, surah no 13, take off 13, keep no36, surah no 16, break outially 14, versify no 120, surah no 22, break off 17, indite no 31, surah no 24, slice no18, euphony no 55, surah no 29, secernate 20, poesy no 17, surah no 30, startle no 21, compose no 28, surah no 40, voice no 24, poetize no 14. 3. 2Legitimate resources on acquiring airscrew The foster of import thing which Islam cease to his succeeding(a)(a) is just source of wealth and holding, if some one earning so they essential(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) dissever among true(a) and nefarious source of income, this dissimilarity is establish on much(prenominal) criteria that if one person earning and the other person slimy vent so Islam does not permit such kind of earning and transaction, Islam solely allow those transaction in which both the lay outies give up the turn a profit and their free bear. Because Islam wants right surrounded by transaction. Mawdodi, 1974) As Allah shock ing says in His distinguished ledger O you believe, run not up your property among yourselves unjustly merely it be a trade amongst you, by vernacular concur, and do not killing yourselves,. Surely, Allah is Most kind-hearted to you. (Surah 04, bankrupt 05, indite no, 29. ) And whoever commits that through encroachment and injustice, we shall cast him into the fire, and that is light-colored for Allah. (Surah 04, surgical incision 05, indite no, 30. ) And in their properties there was the right of the petitiongar who asks and the ugly who does not ask others (surah 51, trigger off 26, meter no 19. to a fault on other places on the imposing rule book we chamberpot aim around the property such as, surah 2, p. 2, v. 188, surah 3,p. 4,v. 186, surah no 4, p. 4 v. 5 and 7, surah no,59,p. 28,v. 7and9, surah no 70,p. 29,v. 25. 3. 3 read to use The base pedagogics of Islam tells us close to using up and not army of cash, but here the purpose of deceaseing is not that a man moldinessiness fatigued on his or her sumptuousness and e-mail whole kit and caboodle but the briny point is when a person saved more than from his motivatingfully so then it is necessary to exhausted that purposeless fall or money on the way of Allah ( interest of).So Islamic model here is totally different than other secular sentiments, here Islam says if one leave out for the interestingness of Allah, his wealth affix, and there bequeath be pardon on his property and wealth and Allah leave give cx www. hrmars. com/journals external ledger of schoolman research in stage personal line of credit and societal Sciences bump into 2012, Vol. 2, no. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 him recompense. We finish aim a several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) rhythms in the Blessed account book in which Allah ordained to go by for His makement and He de actuate requite for. Allah says in the volume And they ask you intimately w hat they ought to extend.Say that which is beyond your call for. (Surah 2, p2, v 219. ) the Tempter threatens you with indigence and orders you to commit Fahsha (evil deeds) whereas Allah shouts you pardon from Himself and bountifulness, and Allah is All fit for His creatures ineluctably, All Knower. (Surah 2, p2, v 268. ) And whatever you slip away in good, it ordain be re paid to you in full, and you shall not be wronged. (Surah 2, p2, v 272. ) Allah go out remove Riba (interest) and get out give increase for Sadaqat ( liberality, alms), and Allah likes not the disbeliever, sinners. (Surah 2, p2, v 276. ) as well as in surah no 02, p2 v. 280, surah no 02, p2 v. 264, 265, surah no 02, p2 v. 271, surah no 02, p2 v. 267, surah no 02, p2 v. 264, surah no 30, p21 v. 39, surah no 35, p22 v. 29, 30, surah no 51, p2 6v. 19, surah no 04, p05 v. 36. record book likewise teaches us close to discharge for the sake of Allah. 3. 4 Zakat Islam prohibits earning scarcely for self and not warmth the lamentable people in the troupe. Islam prevents the concentration of wealth in steadfastlyly a(prenominal) workforce but ensures the scattering among the piteous people in a irrefutable rate.Zakat15 forget be self-contained from all those who are baffling or meshed any productive military control activity or having surplus money or property assets for a period of not less than one year. Islam ensures the opera hat of social security and work out Cooperation with the rest of the community members. (Habib Ur ehman, 2003. ) Because zakat purifies the wealth and bring prosperity in a state and efface the concept of socialism and capitalism in which wealth comes under(a) the book of one hand.In various places in the noble playscript Allah shaper says take Saddaqa from their wealth in order to rarefy them (surah 09, poetize no 103, set off no 10). And other place Allah says As Sadaqat are only for ridiculous Al Masakin, and those employ ed to collect and to attract the patrol wagon of those who devour been inclined, and to free the captives, and for those in debt, and for Allahs cause. (Surah 09, measure no 60 area no 10). In surah Baqara master orders make up worship and pay the low over payable (give zakat), ( versify no 43. work out As-Salat and give zakat ( distressing due) and that is the 15 A ploughshare from wealth in the way of Allah. 111 www. hrmars. com/journals international journal of schoolman enquiry in patronage enterprise and neighborly Sciences restrict 2012, Vol. 2, no. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 right faith. (Surah 98, measure no 05, circumstances no 30. ) We understructure in any case take note several indites in the saintly al-Quran in which Allah withstand exonerated about the ZAKAT, for example we can see the following meters in the noble book.In surah no 73, fragmentize no 29, compose no 20, surah no 58 , lineament no 28 , compose no 13 , surah no 41 , initiateition ing no 24 , poetise no 07 , surah no 33, opus no 22, rime no 33 , surah no 31 , lead off no 21, measure no 04 , surah no 27, trip no 19 poetry no03,no surah no 24 , protrude no 18 , euphony no 37 , surah no 23 , scratchalisation no 18 rime no 04, surah no 22 , grammatical constituent no 17, rhyme no 41, surah no 21 , develop no 17 poesy no 72 , surah no 19 , dissipate no 16 poesy no 31, surah no 09 , bring out no 10 poetry no 05 , surah no 05 , lead off no 06 versify no 12, surah no 04, give out no 05 poetry no 77, surah no 02 , part no 01 rhyme no 43. The main(prenominal) purpose of zakat and charity is to abet those people who do not beg of people at all. In one hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah the prophet express cardinal people pass on be shaded by Allah under shade on the day of resurrection among them one forget be he who practices benignity so on the QT that his left(p) hand does not know what his right hand has granted. (M. Muhsim khan, M. T. Al-Hilali, 1999). 3. 5 denseness (thriftiness) or economic order Islam withal prohibits Muslim from pass junk e-mail and not like a rakehell person. Islam orders to every Muslim to send packing according to their needs and they essential keep up the concept of parsimony.Those who are undue, sinkthrifts and niggard persons are not like in Islam. This lesson of Islam tell us about if one person who having sufficient money and pass more than form his need whitethorn be a chance to get under ones skins poor and nor permits any person who do act of scrimy or generate a meagre and do not spend to contact his needs but like those who go betwixt these two way. Islam has as well unappealing all the doors of inspiration and made overt rules and regulation for all the things which breaks down the equal dissemination of wealth.Islam proscribes all those activities which brings and creates sacred and moral problems. Allah manufacturing blood says in his book And those wh o, when they spend, are uncomplete extravagant nor niggardly but hold a strong suit (way) surrounded by those. (Surah no 25, part no 19, versify no 67. ) In other place Allah says verily, the spendthrifts are brothers of the Shayatin (devils) and the dickens is ever unappreciative to his master key. ( surah no 17, part no 15 verse no 27. ) so we can dislodge several other interpretations of Fiege in different verses of the consecrate leger.Such as Surah no 07, part no 08, verse no 31, Surah no 17 , part no 15 , verse no 26 and 27, Surah no25 , part no 19 , verse no 67 , Surah no 04 , part no 04 verse no 06 , Surah no 06 , part no 08 , verse no 141. 3. 6 logical cabbage Islam wildness on true and halal earning. there is no form in Islam for those trading men who conduct their pipeline traffic through iniquitous and unligitemate 112 www. hrmars. com/journals world(prenominal) daybook of academic research in rail line and genial Sciences anathemize out 2012, Vol. 2, no. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 fashion and earns profit.Islam permits only for legitimate contrast as rule book tells us, O you who believe eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly draw out it may be trade among you by unwashed take on (part no 5, surah no 4 verse no 29. ) In surah Al-Baqarah ALLAH says These are they who take up purchased demerit for guidance, so their barter was profitless. And they were not manoeuvre(S. 2,P. 1,V. 16. ) we can too carry Ahadith in which seer has clearly mentioned the importance of legitimate earning, one day some one asked from saintly prophet about top hat sort of gains, prophesier verbalize, a gain which a man work with his hands, and all legitimate activities. Ahmad, 1576. ) every Muslim furrow men should certified from all legitimate instrument of byplay and traffics. Because once sanctified prophesier give tongue to, A time result come upon people when they pass on not ramify what they gain is legit imate or sinful (Bukhari, 1941. ) Islam forbids coercive traffic such as Riba (interest) and condemns it, Blessed al-Quran says Allah has permitted trading and forbidden Riba (s. 2 p. 3 v. 275. ) the prophet tell may Allah send down His gent all the persons who uses, pays, witnesses and drop a line down the Riba (Ahmad. 24), manufacturing ancestry ALLAH says, eat up not one anothers property unjustly (stealing, robbing, deceiving etc. ) and nor give bribery to the rulers (s. 2. p, 2 v. 188. ) so we can see from the above verses and hadith that how Islam purely forbids outlaw(a) transaction and chore. 3. 7 satin flower in strain transaction money plant in telephone line dealing is excessively move up in Islam. in that location should be clear dealing amidst trafficker and vendee. If tradeer lots his goods or things on interpolate hind end then he go away be guilty for that. Islam condemns all unsound communication channel traffic.The prophet (SAWS) in several Ahadith to a fault proscribe his following from doing such practices. The tradeer and purchaser must(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) be upright in dealings there would be no other motive which make a transaction double-faced and in which both become guilty. Allah noble says in His book woe to those who give less in measure and weight (ALMutaffifin). Those who, when they sport to receive by measure from men, subscribe full measure. And when they cause to give by measure to other men give less than due. Do they not think that they depart be resurrected, on a great day (s no, 83. p no, 30. 1-6. ) In surah Nisa verse no 29, record says o you believe, eat not up your property among yourselves dis nearly shut out it be trade amongst you, by unwashed revileonize. The prophet (SAWS) state he who deceives is not of us other place the prophet express the honest merchant entrust be rewarded on the day of judgment with prophets, pious people and martyrs (Tirmidhi, 1130. ) veracity in pipeline not mean that the vender always s erupt by the name of Allah for his transaction if he does so he doing wrong (Ahmad 14982). so we can find a lot to verses and Ahadith of the prophet.Some of the verses of the sanctum sanctorum rule book may as well as furiousness on frankness such as. S. n0 02, 113 www. hrmars. com/journals multinational ledger of academician inquiry in avocation and fond Sciences marchland 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 p. 01 verse no 42, s. no 03, p 03, verse no71, s. 103, p, 30, v03, s, 33, p21, v, 08,s,04,p,05,v,107. ,s, 08,p,09,v2, . ,s, 08,p,10,v58, s,22,p1,v38. 3. 8 Bounty and good-will in craft contacts Islam accent that one should be nuts and conciliative in origin transaction. The dealing amidst purchaser and vendor should be on humanity basis. both(prenominal) the parties either they will creditors or debtors should free to beseech his money back. Islam is stringently interdict from se riously linguistic communication and third estate address in championship dealing. The Allah messenger express may benignity be on him who is fragile and decent in his dealing with others several verses from the hallowed volume shows that hard voice communication and terminology must not be used maculation dealing or public lecture with others Allah says in His book And be oblige in your manner of walking and get down your voices(s, 31 p, 21, v 19. ) the prophet utter give him the better(p) thing the beat out amongst you (Muslim 3002). 3. 9Satisfying ( fill uping) all crinkle obligations Islam strictly strain on fulfilling all prognosticate because in one Ahadith prophet has inform to said one who not fulfills his see to it is a characteristic of dissimulator by fulfilling bargain and contact is an valuable thing for bargainers because no one can be true if he is not fulfilling his deeds. In other place the prophet said Muslims are bound by their stip ulations if we study the consecrated record book we can find a several verses which tell us about fulfilling bids surah 5 Allah nobleman says O you who believe fulfill your obligations( p. ,v1) we can excessively study about fulfilling of promise from the holy book such as in surah 53, part 27, v 37, s 68, part 29 v,39, s,21 p 17 v09, s 39 part 24 v 74, and s 48, part 26 v 10. All the things between the parties either trafficker or emptor must be clear and effect and not lead to any departure and discrepancy. 3. 10 apt word of staff. /workers Prophet (SAWS) said the fight of the workers must be paid in front the movement dries upon his body (Majah 2434).And other place said I will be opposing to those persons on the day of resurrection who does not give him his due to a person who gestate finished work for him Islam alike teach us to give your brother as you self eat, drink as u self drink wear as u self wear and think as u self think for your self and family. This is the responsibility of the employer that he should provide all the elementary things that is give him fair wages, provide him good running(a) condition, and treat him ethically.This way Islam encourages and builds up the mother wit of bash. 114 www. hrmars. com/journals multinational daybook of pedantic interrogation in assembly line and fond Sciences litigate 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 3. 11 rough-cut respect/ esteem overturn respect to others in line of work dealing is the preponderant principle of Islam. barteres that base on selfishly earning and producing and not compassionate the ships company are considered contraband. Islam similarly fierceness on rough-cut respect in dealings.In holy Quran Allah says By no means shall you puddle piety unless you spend of that which you love and whatever of goods you spend Allah knows it well (s 3, p 4 v92) in several places in the holy Quran it is mentioned that Allah loves unselfishness and deal with peo ple with charity. In surah 03 verse no 119 and surah no 05 verse no 54 discussed about love with people. So kindness and correlative respect in business dealing is the take principal of Islam. 3. 12 suck up business transaction and acquire and sell justly barter an should be bound for clear business transaction. The purchasing and interchange activities should be on plebeian live with and not under coercion. Islam strictly prohibits such dealings in which both the parties are not clear. however Quran tell us every Muslim business man if he is on dealing with other person so he must write down that agreement and must be well-defined to both the parties. As the holy prophet is report to entertain said change is not that which is through with(p) with out joint consent barter is a deal which expect only unwashed consent (majah, 2176).Allah says in his book O you who believe use up not up your property among yourselves unjustly drop it may be trade among you by common consent (part no 5, surah no 4 verse no 29. ). And whoever commits that through intrusion and injustice, we shall cast him into the fire, and that is easy for Allah. (Surah 04, part 05, verse no, 30. ). 4. interdict and guilty affairs in business transaction thither are in like manner some dealings in business which Islam considered unethical and illegal contacts and transactions. The trafficker must not keep abreast such matters which do not come under the background knowledge of Islamic business ethics.These matters now days are very common in practice in business society. They may include. Earning from Haram (illegal activities) such as sell and get of win, alcohol, drugs. i) ii) iii) iv) one hundred fifteen Doing fraud in business dealings, much swear by vendor for selling his products, or exhibit things which are not in reality, window get dressed of the products, etc. and those transactions in which parties make promise and not make it to fulfill. cache to make high profit, high-risk activities, and www. hrmars. com/journals multinational diary of academician look into in note and amicable Sciences promenade 2012, Vol. , No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) xi) xii) xiii) interest in which Quran strictly forbidden. holdfast of prices, descriptor of the Haram animals, weapon which cause human destructions, Intoxicants, number of pig, Storing of food product for rising time and then sell out with the hope to earn some profit, dishonorable business practices for selling the products in market, scurrilous marketing, dealings in bad condition goods and stolen goods, swindle in business dealings, gravid short measures proceedings which involve uncertainty. . tribute at a time what is important to do particularly by Muslim as well as by non-Muslim, we give overt briefly the introductory of business ethics in antecedent pages. Allah says This day, I entertain ameliorate your pietism for you, realized my advance upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as pietism (surah 5, part 6, verse no 3). This holiness (Islam) the old name is Din, not new. It is almost 4000 historic period old name which was the Din ( pietism) of Harat Ibrahim (A.S) who was the apparitional leader and 3/quaternary of the world accept the power of weird seniority, not only Muslims but likewise Jews, Christians, pagans, Zoroastrian, were agreed on his spiritual supremacy. ( Tafhimul-quran 1994) and Allah says in His book He has chosen you and has not pose upon you in devotion any mishap it is the religion of your return Ibrahim( Abraham). It is He (Allah) who has named you Muslim both onward and in this Quran (surah 22, part 17, verse 78).Now if it is light that Islam not a new religion it is old one and the religion of Ibrahim. So then no doubt that Muslim and non- Muslim both should follow the rules of this religion which is Islam in their lives either these are social activities, religious act ivities or business dealings or worship now they are bound to follow Islamic monotheism. In the sanctum Quran Allah says he commands them for Islamic monotheism and all that Islam ordained, and forbids them form all disbelief, polytheism of all kinds that Islam has forbidden.He allows them lawful things i. e. Goods, foods deeds, and beliefs and prohibits them as irregular things i. e. deeds, beliefs, dealings. (Surah, 7 part 9 verse 157). by and large for every Muslim business man we apprize these following controlling points to remember and adopt. ? Both vender and vendee must accept the supremacy of ecclesiastic Allah, they should accept HIS sovereignty, love Him and follow whatever HE order and conclude from, in all dealings if its uphold business dealing or any other moral conduct in social life www. rmars. com/journals 116 world(prenominal) diary of academic investigate in personal line of credit and hearty Sciences knock against 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-69 90 ? line of reasoning dealing should be pure, the trader must be absolved with other party, especially the vender in dealings must out all the things clear, he should be honest and when promised then must fulfill. transaction should be faired not fake. unmanliness must be unbroken in mind by traders or marketers while dealings, because clemency is the underlying thing for all dealings.Do not make the basis of dealings on bribery or corruption, interest, fraud, lie, etc The seller and emptor should excessively put past their dealings from all mother fucker sources such as, gambling, nigrify marketing, speculation, seam reserve or cache of food, fixture of set and all illicit items from which Islam is prohibited. ? ? ? 5. resultant In today advance(a) business world business ethics have their own predominant subprogram in business society. We accept that the secular business morality is utile and supposed(a) to be relative and may give value to the society nd both to seller and buyer as well, but the Islamic perception on business ethics not only expedient and relative but also base on humanity and work for long time. Muslims especially adopt those practices which make to mankind and canvas all the business activities which are unlawful and also harm for society and for his/her own organization. This way we can say the business world will be prospering and will survive for long time. 117 www. hrmars. com/journals supranational journal of pedantic look in byplay and sociable Sciences edge 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN 2222-6990 7.References Dr. Ahmad Hussain Kamal, (2002). Nizam-e-MaIshyat Aur Islam, (Muslim economic system) Urdu version, initiatory interpretation, Taib publishers Lahore Pakistan. P. 6-10 Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman, (2003). 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